middle mediastinum Flashcards
(18 cards)
what’s the pericardium
Double-walled, fibroserous sac that
covers heart and roots of the great vessels;
what are the two layers of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
describe the fibrous pericardium
tough, external layer
extends from the tunica adventitia to the central tendon of the diaphragm
describe the serous pericardium
two layers, parietal and visceral
parietal- lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
visceral- adheres to surface of the heart
describe the layout of the serous pericardium
parietal layer reflects at the great vessels of the heart as the visceral layer
what’s the pericardial cavity
the potential space between parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium that contains fluid
what are the boundaries of the middle mediastinum
sternal angle superiorly, mediastinal pleura laterally, diaphragm inferiorly
functions of the fibrous pericardium
holds heart in place
limits expansion
what layer is gone if the heart is removed
the serous layer
chambers of the heart (oxygenation)
right side - poorly oxygenated (venous)
left side - well oxygenated (arterial)
apex points towards?
the left
what forms the apex of the heart
the left ventricle
what forms the base of the heart
left atrium
what are the four surfaces of the heart
anterior (sternocostal) surface
inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
right pulmonary surface
left pulmonary surface
walls of the right atrium
sinus venarum (interatrial septum)
- fossa ovalis- remnant from fetal circulation, bypass pulmonary circulation
right and left auricle
rough wall- made of pectinate muscles
openings of the right atrium
SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, right atrioventricular orifice
walls of the right ventricle
rough muscular wall - trabeculae carneae
interventricular septum, right av orifice (guarded by tricuspid valve)
septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
