Midterm 1

Question 1

CPA Code of Ethics (4)

Answer 1

1. Respect the dignity of the person
   - freedom to consent to consulting services
   - privacy/confidentiality
   - race, gender, sex
2. Responsible Caring
   - minimize harm, mazimize benefit
3. Integrity of relationships
   - avoid conflicts of interest
   - open honest and accurate
   - objective and unbiased
4. Responsibility to Society
   - development of knowledge
   practicing freedom of inquiry

Question 2

Scientific Constructs

Answer 2

Defined terms created for scientific purpose

• eg. What is meant by confidence

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

assigned a value that can be counted

Question 4

Independant Variable

Answer 4

cause that produces a change in dependant variable

Question 5

Dependent variable

Answer 5

outcome that is expected to change as a result of manipulation of IV

Question 6

Theories

Answer 6

attempt to explain phenomena and provide logical reason for relationships

Question 7

Quantitative Inquiry

Answer 7

counts variables
data collection

Question 8

Qualitative Inquiry

Answer 8

understanding meanings people assign to their experiences
obtained through open-ended questions or observations

Question 9

Mixed methods

Answer 9

combination of qualitative and quantitative

Question 10

Stress

Answer 10

Reactive as it results from something occurring
Situation that is perceived to be taxing or exceeding a person’s resources

demands exceed ability of person

Question 11

Stressors

Answer 11

The cause of stress

Could be:
- Psychological
- External
- Social

Question 11

Coping

Answer 11

Cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific demands that are taxing or exceed a persons ability

Question 11

What do refs find stressful

Answer 11

1. Interpersonal conflict
   - arguing with platers and coaches
2. Fear of physical harm
3. Time demands
   - missing out on family time
4. Peer conflicts
   - evaluations from superiors
5. Fear of failure
6. Role culture conflict
   - putting the whistle away in playoffs
   - being told you cant call everything
   - the best refs are the ones you dont see

Question 11

Frustrations/Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 11

When players are frustrated they lash out leading to violence

Question 11

2 Types of Appraisal

Answer 11

Threat - a situation where harm may occur or is likely
Challenge - a perception that obstacles can be overcome

Question 11

Social Learning Theory

Answer 11

Violence theory which suggests violence is modelled to a person

Question 12

Social Exchange

Answer 12

Violence theory where a player weighs up the pros and cons of violent actions - what is the penalty for fighting?

Question 12

Cathartic Model of Aggression

Answer 12

Violence theory that people are born aggressive

Question 12

Primary Appraisal

Answer 12

Evaluating what’s at stake in a situation

Question 12

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 12

Evaluating what can be done about a situation

Question 13

Harm/Loss Appraisal

Answer 13

Siutation where damage has been done and the loss cannot be undone

Question 14

Threat Appraisal

Answer 14

Anticipation that harm may occur

Question 15

Challenge Appraisal

Answer 15

Obstacles in the way can be overcome

Question 15

Chronic vs Acute

Answer 15

Stressors which occur over time VS a short period of time

Question 15

Expected vs Unexpected Stressors

Answer 15

Planned for stress VS unexpected stress

Question 16

Problem Focused Coping

Answer 16

Efforts to change a situation Eg. Changing tactics to win a game

Question 16

Emotion Focused Coping

Answer 16

Changing the way a situation is interpreted

Question 17

Avoidance Coping

Answer 17

Person attempts to remove themselves from a stressful situation

Question 18

Emotion Regulation

Answer 18

Individuals influence which emotions they have and when they have them Conscious effort to manage the experience and emotions

Question 19

Health Compromising Behaviors

Answer 19

1. Poor/Negative Body Image - leads to eating disorders - increased smoking/drinking/drug use risk - excessive exercise 2. Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors - Body is in a state of stress more often leading to cardiovascular issues 3. Mental Health - higher levels of depressive symptoms

Question 20

Self Esteem

Answer 20

The way that somebody views themselves or believes other people view them Increased exercise output leads to higher self esteem

Question 20

Self Presentation

Answer 20

Attempts to selectively present positive aspects or omit negative aspects to maximize likelyhood of a positive impression

Question 20

Social Physique Anxiety

Answer 20

The way someone sees their body Dissatisfaction in body shape, size, weight or appearance

Question 21

Positive Activated Affect

Answer 21

Mental state of positive energy and engagement Moderate level physical activity increases self reported levels of positive Activated Affect

Question 21

Ways to decrease social physique anxiety

Answer 21

Being a member of a like-minded group Being in an exercise class where the person believe other members are in the same situation

Question 21

High Self Esteem

Answer 21

Important life adjustment qualities