Midterm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Segments of tagma
A
Abdomen, thorax, head
2
Q
Sclerotinization
A
Hardening of the cuticle to make it protective
3
Q
Labrum
A
Upper lip
4
Q
Mandibles
A
Jaws
5
Q
Maxillae
A
Second jaws
6
Q
Labium
A
Lower lip
7
Q
Palms
A
Fingers on maxillae and labium
8
Q
Hypo pharynx
A
Tongue covered in exoskeleton
9
Q
Stylets
A
Labium like rain gutter
10
Q
Compound eyes
A
Corneal lens
Ommatidia (camera lenses)
Optic nerve
11
Q
Ocelli
A
Other little eyes for light and seasons
12
Q
Stemmata
A
Shadow and light
13
Q
Thorax segments
A
Pro, meso and meta
14
Q
Legs
A
Coxa Trochanter Femur Tibia Tarsus Pretarsus
15
Q
Cursorial
A
Running
16
Q
Natatorial
A
Swimming
17
Q
Saltorial
A
Jumping
18
Q
Raptorial
A
Capturing prey
19
Q
Fossorial
A
Digging
20
Q
Main wings
A
Membranous
21
Q
Halteres
A
Gyroscopic wing
22
Q
Elytra
A
Hard wing. Beetles
23
Q
Hemelytra
A
Half hard wing
24
Q
Tegmina
A
Leathery wing
25
Wing pads
Developing wings
26
Wing scales
Scales on wings. Butterflies
27
Alimentary canal
Hind gut
Mid gut
Fore gut
28
Hind gut
Water balance and excretion
29
Mid gut
Digestion and absorption
30
Fore gut
Processing and ingestion
31
Gastric cacea
Site of food absorption
32
Crop
Secondary food storage
33
Proventriculus
Grinding jaws that move food into stomach
34
Malphigian tubules
Regulation of salts and water
35
Main excretory products are
Nitrogenous wastes
36
Insect waste product
Uric acid: frass
| Solid requires no water
37
Parthenogenetic reproduction
Females only
38
Male reproductive structures
Testis
Seminal duct
Accessory glands: produce spermatophor (sperm sack)
Aedeagus: penis
39
Female reproductive structures
```
Ovaries
Spermatheca: store sperm for future
Accessory glands: produce glue for eggs to stick to leaves etc.
Oviducts
Vagina
```
40
Ootheca
Egg pods
41
The egg
Chorion: shell
Yolk: all other stuff
Nucleus
Micropyle: hole so sperm can get in
42
Ovoparious
Normal egg surrounded by chorion
43
Viviparous
Live birth
44
Ovoviviparous
Egg is fine but mother still keeps it and kid is born live
45
Respiratory system
Spiracles
Trachea
Air sacs
46
Breathing
Active and passive ventilation
47
Circulation
Open circulatory system
48
Hemolymph
All the stuff
49
Blood flows from
Dorsal vessel
Aorta
Heart
Ostia (openings in heart)
50
Fat bodies
Generation of light
| Luminescence
51
Neuron
Cell body
Axon : output
Dendrites : input
Terminal aborizations : fingers at end of axon
52
Nervous transmission
Synapse
Synaptic transmission
Acetylcholine: causes electrical impulses
ACH-ase: destroys ACH after transmission
53
Dual central nerve cord
Ladder like spine made of ganglia(group of neurons)
54
Insect Brain
Protocerebrum- eyes and ocelli
Deuto- antennae
Trito- mouthparts and some sensory
Visceral NS- heart, gut etc.
55
Flicker fusion frequency
How many times eyes scan something each second
Humans 50/1
Insects 250/1
56
Chemoreception
Taste: high concentration in fluids
Smell: low concentration in air
57
Mechanoreception
Sound, touch, movement
58
Johnston's organ
Perceive sound
59
Tymphanal (chordotonal) organs
Ears
60
Kind people can only find good sex
Kingdom phylum class order family genus species
61
Systemma natura
How to decide how to group organisms
62
Protoannelid
First worm
63
Phylum Onychophora
Bilaterally segmented
| Walking worms
64
Phylum Annelida
Bilaterally seg.
| Closed circ system (insects don't have)
65
Phylum Anthropoda
Open circ system
Exoskeleton
Tagma
66
Sub phyla of Arthropoda
Trilobita: extinct, flat with many legs
Chilicerata: (spiders), simple eyes, book lungs, 2 tagma; cephalothorax
Crustacea: (lobsters) aquatic, gills, biramous appendages; split into claw
Unaramia: (insects) 2-3 tagma, uniramous appendages; end at one point
67
Major classes of Uniramia
Diplopoda: (millipedes) elongated cylindrical body, reflexive bleeding
Chilopoda: (centipedes) elongated flattened body, 1st pair of appendages; jaw injects venom
Hexapoda: (insects) 3 tagma, 2pr wings, mostly terrestrial
68
Why are insects so successful?
```
Exoskeleton
Small size
Evolution of sociality
Rapid reproduction
Many species-isolating mechanisms
```
69
Major steps of the evolution of insects
Development of body plan
Wings/flight
Wing flexion (folding wings)
Holometabolism (metamorphasis to eat different things)
70
4 major mechanisms of evolution
```
Mutation
Natural selection (directional selection: selects against a phenotype)
Genetic drift (chance events: bottleneck effect)
Genetic flow ( killer bees)
```
71
Antennae
Scape
Pedestal
Flagellum
72
Exoskeleton
Epicuticle
Procuticle
Cellular epidermis
Basement membrane
73
Types of molting
Hememetabolism- only grow wings
Holometabolism- complete change
Ametabolism- no change
74
Chemical that starts molting
Ecdysone
75
Pause in molting
Diapause
