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MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

what type of hypersensitivity rection is mediated by IgE, mast cells and basophils

A

type 1

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2
Q

what is the substance released in the body as a response to inhaled pollen ex) hay fever

A

histamine

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3
Q

chronic skin infection that is common in childhood and improves w age

A

atopic dermatitis / eczema

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4
Q

asthma is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

type 1

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5
Q

what happens to RBC in hemolytic anemia

A

they are destroyed faster than they can be produced in bone marrow

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6
Q

is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis a complication of pharyngitis?

A

yes

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7
Q

contact dermatitis hypersensitivity reaction type?

A

type IV

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8
Q

most common sexually transmitted disease in canada

A

chlamydia

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9
Q

what virus is the cold caused by

A

rhinovirus

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10
Q

where does candidiasis (yeast) normally live in the body

A

GI tract
mouth
genital areas
skin

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11
Q

most effective tx for strep group A pyogens

A

antibitoics

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12
Q

which sexually transmitted bacteria may also infect the pharynx, eyes, rectum

A

gonorrhea

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13
Q

how does cholera spread

A

animal and human feces contaminated water

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14
Q

is trichomoniasis caused by a parasite or bacteria

A

parasite

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15
Q

is staphylococcus aureus endogenous or exo

A

endogenous

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16
Q

how do T and B cells mount immune response

they need to come into contact w pathogen by 3 ways:

A

travels through lymphatic vessels
travel through bloodstream
penetrate mucous membranes

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17
Q

pathogenesis of hay fever

A

inhaled pollen triggers release of histamine causing swelling and inflammation

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18
Q

what allergic disorder is a result of hyperproduction of IgE

A

atopic dermatitis

eczema

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19
Q

what is type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reaction mediated by

A

IgG IgM

Graves disease is an example

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20
Q

which gland does Graves disease affect

A

thyroid

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21
Q

what is pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis

A

impaired action potentials on motor neurons bc antibodies attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction

antibodies are produced by B cells and converted into plasma cells that activate T cells and antibodies

in thymus gland

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22
Q

in systemic lupus what is an objective skin finding

A

butterfly rash

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23
Q

most common Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

contact dermatitis

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24
Q

what type of cells does HIV infect

human immunodeficiency virus

A

CD4 & T cells

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25
what does the right lymphatic duct drain
drains lymph from right arm, right side of head, right half thorax into right subclavian vein
26
what disease causes enlargement of local lymph and red streaks extending from infected area
lymphangitis
27
lower extremity edema =
heart failure
28
abdominal swelling =
liver cirrhosis
29
diffuse edema =
kidney failure
30
what is the kissing disease called
epstein barr virus can cause mono lifelong infection B cells become memory cells that never go away
31
first line of defence
intact skin and mucous membranes oil and perspiration cilia gag/cough reflex peristalsis tears, saliva, mucous normal gut flora
32
what is a fomite
inanimate object that can transmit an infectious disease keyboard, phone
33
what is a carrier
a host/person carrying disease but doesn't develop illness
34
what is virulence
number of organisms and the time they take to start the infection process in a new host
35
vehicle =
food or water
36
what is an opportunistic infection
results from impaired immune system that cant defend against pathogens that are normally found in the environment
37
4 stages of syphilis
primary - lesion appears called chancre secondary latent tertiary - most severe
38
what disease has gummas formed
syphilis
39
types of herpes simplex
simplex 1 - oral lesions simplex 2 - genital lesions varicella -zoster - shingles epstein barr cytomegalovirus
40
where does herpes hide
dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord and appears when body is stressed
41
what is the basic pathology of polyarteritis nodosa
antibody/antigen complexes clump up in arteries causing inflammation and swelling of artery
42
basic pathology of amyloidosis
abnormal proteins build up in organs and tissues causing dysfunction
43
when does hodgkins lymphoma peak
20'3 and 30'3 and 60's, 70's
44
common symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis aka chronic fatigue
extreme fatigue restless sleep brain fog
45
how is leprosy spread
mouth and nose droplets
46
what type of pt is most risk of contracting fungal pneumonia
immunocompromised
47
what organ is most affected in rheumatic fever
heart
48
what bacteria causes diphtheria
corynebacterium diptheria
49
what is trichomoniasis caused by
parasite
50
common symptoms of respiratory tract infection
increase rate of breathing cough hoarseness
51
is HPV part of herpes family
no
52
varicella zoster virus =
shingles
53
is polio enterovirus
yes
54
where does polio travel to once ingested
anterior horn of spinal cord causes mm weakness and flaccid paralysis
55
group A is most commmon type of streptococcus
yes
56
e coli is a virulent strain
causes gastroenteritis and UTI dehydration is main cause of death opportunistic infection
57
what is the leading cause of infection in the world
tuberculosis spread by airborne droplets latent TB
58
most common BACTERIAL infection
chlamydia "silent STD" most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy
59
what is a protozoal
parasite
60
what does anaphylaxis refer to
systemic vasodilation bronchospasm increased mucus secretions edema
61
examples of Type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reactions
hemolytic anemia goodpasture's syndrome graves disease myasthenia gravis
62
Goodpasture's syndrome
antibodies produced attack a component of collagen (type IV) that affects the alveoli of the lungs and the glomerulus of the kidneys
63
what causes myasthenia gravis
impaired impulse transmission of motor neurons caused by antibodies that attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction NO CURE
64
what is hypersensitivity reaction type of lupus
type III
65
in post streptococcal glomerulonephritis where do antibody complexes stick
glomerular basement membrane and invoke inflammatory response
66
what is lymphedema
abnormal chronic accumulation of fluids in interstitial space, dysfunction of lymphatic system
67
non Hodgkin's lymphoma
the spleen and liver enlarge with GI disturbances and back pain

Pathology (8 decks)

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