QUIZ hints - respiratory / CV Flashcards by ash box

causes of lung cancer

tobacco smoke
carcinogens 80-90% of all lung cancers
second hand smoke = 30%
environmental/occupational exposure to silica
coal dust
radon
vinyl chloride or asbestos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

repeated exposure to carcinogen leads to

dysplasia of lung epithelium damaging normal cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sinus infection causes

viral or bacterial upper respiratory tract infection

allergens

atmospheric / air pressure changes (not cause but makes worse)

polyps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of pneumonia

75% bacterial
viruses, fungi, protozoa, inhalation of toxins
parasites
aspiration of vomitus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pulmonary edema causes

CHF, heart attack, damaged valves, pneumonia, kidney failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of myocardial infarction

thrombus buildup from atherosclerosis
thromboemboli
vasospasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

si/sx of laryngitis

voice loss
hoarseness
fever
painfull swallowing
dry scratchy throat
coughing/sneezing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of asthma

wheezing
prolonged exhalation
SOB
chest tightness
coughing w mucus worst at night and early morning
cyanosis
pallor at beg of attack

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of left CHF

cant pump to aorta
congestion in LUNGS
SOB
exercise/cold intolerance
dizziness
tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of right sided CHF

congestion in liver
cant pump to lungs
GI tract and lower extremities
heart can enlarge, spleen can enlarge
venous congestion in lower extremities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of rheumatic heart disease

similar to CHF
SOB
dry cough
tachycardia
lower extremity edema
fatigue
low fever
loss of appetite
nosebleeds
chest pain
nodules on skin
red rash on chest, back, abdomen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of cardiac arrest

loss of consciousness
sudden collapse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of emphysema

SOB w prolonged exhalation
barrel chest
tripod position
weight loss
PINK PUFFER
clubbing of fingers and toes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of pneumoconiosis

coughing
sore throat
wheezing
SOB
chest tightness
weight loss
fever
finger clubbing
fatigue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bronchitis

BLUE BLOATER
inflammation of bronchial mucosa causing swelling and hypersecretion of mucus

impaires ciliary action
narrows airways
irreversible fibrotic changes in bronchial lining

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

emphysema

PINK PUFFER
permamnet enlargement of lower airways w destruction of alveolar walls

no over secretion of mucus, little coughing

clubbing of fingers and toes

weight loss

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

asthma

chronic inflamm disorder of airways characterized by bronchial obstruction

bronchospasms

wheezing, prolonged SOB, chest tightness, cyanosis, anxious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pneumoconiosis

interstitial lung disease caused by dust particle inhalation

develops gradually

black lung

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bronchicstatis

irreversible dilation of bronchi from infection or inflammation of airways weakening bronchial walls

SAC FORM with bacteria

bronchiolitis

common viral lung infection in young kids causing congestion in bronchioles

Raynauds

arterial vasospams in superficial tissues of fingers and toes

vasospasm caused by overreation of a regulatory mechanism

beurgers

inflammation of small-med sized arteries in extremities , damages skin tissues

characteristics of varicose veins

fatigue or ache in lower extremity
ankle swelling
leg cramping
veins look blue
bulbous, twisted, tortuous
skin can be itchy
ulcers can form near ankles

characteristics of phlebitis

cord like mass develops under skin
pain
swelling
hot/cold to touch

characteristics of aneurysm

asymptomatic until rupture pain clammy skin dizziness nausea tachycardia shock low blood pressure

characteristics of embolism

depends on location of occluded vessel severe localized pain area is pale numb and cold to touch if large artery= nasuesa vomiting syncope shock

characteristics of cor pulmonale

initially asymptomatic dyspnea fatigue peripheral edema neck vein distension hepatomegaly - enlarged liver parasternal lift

characteristics of CAD

asymptomatic until arteries are obstructed or occluded ischemia and localizes to myocardium chest pain weakness lightheadedness SOB

characteristics of atherosclerosis

asymptomatic until arteries are obstructed ischemia localized to damaged areas

characteristics of left side CHF

SOB frothy sputum panic awake gasping for air exercise intolerance cold intolerance

characteristics of right side CHF

liver/heart can enlarge venous distension in jugular vein abdominal ascites spleen can enlarge renal failure

characteristics of mitral valve stenosis

fatigue SOB swollen feet heart palpitations heart murmur arrythmias dizziness/fatigue coughing up blood chest pain

characteristics of rheumatic heart disease

SOB dry cough tachycardia lower extremity edema fatigue low fever loss of appetite nosebleeds nodules on skin rash

causes of peripheral artery disease

narrowed lumen and reduced blood supply from pulmonary hypertension atherosclerotic plauque deposits stick to the inside of peripheral artery walls

causes of mitral valve stenosis

strep infection called rheumatic fever calcium deposits invasion of bacteria cause scarring on delicate leaflets on valve

causes of CAD

atherosclerotic plaque deposit on inside of coronary artery walls

virchow's triad

1. endothelial cell injury 2. blood stasis 3. hypercoagulability

cause of rheumaric heart disease

rheumatic fever

causes of cor pulmonale

pulmonary hypertension COPD embolism vasocontriction mechanical ventilation

causes of myocardial infarction

1. thrombus build up from atherosclerosis 2. thromboemboli 3. vasospasm

myocarditis

virus or parasites

endocarditis

bacterial

treatment for angina pectoris

sublingual nitroglycerin

tx for TB

cocktail of 4 anti-TB drugs for 6-9 months

vegetations -> Aschoff bodies

valve damage producing vegetations called aschcoff bodies these break off and give rise to embolism that can cause infarction found in myocardium made of lymphocytes and fibroblasts can interfere w rhythmicity of heart if near conduction system

how does cardiomyopathy affect the heart muscle

changes myocardium - ASSOCIATED W inadequate heart pumping dilated - dilated left ventricle, blood is pumped less forcefully hypertrophic = thickening of left ventricle restricted

what occurs w sleep apnea

obstruction NOT disease loose tissues block airway temporary cessation of breathing O2 is low, Co2 is HIGH levels build in blood while sleeping, the brain senses these changes and wakes you to breath normally