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U.S. History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

(97 cards)

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0
Q

Could reach East by sailing south around the Americas.

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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1
Q

Italian explorer who believed the world was round. Shortest route to the east was west.

A

Christopher Columbus

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2
Q

German monk who preached that salvation was from God, not the church’s system of penance.

A

Martin Luther

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3
Q

Explorer and soldier of fortune.

A

Conquistadors

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4
Q

First great conquistador, reached Mexico.

A

Hernando Cortes

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5
Q

Great Aztec King.

A

Montezuma

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6
Q

Sailed northwest toward Puerto Rico searching for the fountain of youth. Landed near St. Augustine and claimed the area for Spain.

A

Juan Ponce de Leon

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7
Q

Protestant sea captain

A

Francis Drake

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8
Q

Encouraged the colonization of North America. Roanoke island

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

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9
Q

Discovered the Mississippi River.

A

Hernando de Soto

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10
Q

1500’s, Luther’s teachings that salvation is from God, not the church.

A

Protestant reformation

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11
Q

Helped Jamestown survive, made ties with the Indians

A

John Smith

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12
Q

first self governing assembly in the New World

A

House of Burgeses

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13
Q

governed by a trade company.

A

Charter colony

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14
Q

King appointed a proprietor to govern the colony

A

Proprietary colony

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15
Q

controlled directly by the King.

A

Royal colony

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16
Q

Pilgrims were separatists- believed that each congregation should be independent from all other churches. Puritans- wanted to purify the church from the inside.

A

Pilgrims vs. Puritans

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17
Q

first document of self government in America, settlers agreed to submit to the laws of the colony.

A

Mayflower compact

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18
Q

America’s first college, christian based.

A

Harvard college

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19
Q

Governor of Massachusetts, wanted a Christian community. “We shall be a city set upon a hill…”

A

John Winthrop

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20
Q

legally binding relationship.

A

Covenant

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21
Q

Quaker, denied many biblical teachings including the trinity.

A

William Penn

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22
Q

discovered New York

A

Henry Hudson

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23
Q

1639- first written constitution in America. Established a framework for self government.

A

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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24
work contract
Indenture
25
provided access to backcountry settlements.
Great Wagon Road
26
attracted by religious freedom, bothered the english neighbors
Scots-Irish and Germans
27
inoculations against smallpox.
Cotton Mather
28
"Williamsburg style", was called tudor style in England
Colonial style
29
corn
Native American food
30
Basic skills and to learn to read the Bible on their own.
Purpose of Education
31
if you were illiterate, Satan could get to you.
"Old Deluder Satan" law
32
powdered wigs (originated in England)
Traditional thing men wore
33
Doctrinally sound group wanted to keep the old ceremonies of the Church of England altogether
low church anglicans
34
Believed that traditions of the Church of England were divinely ordained
high church anglicans
35
most influential movement in colonial history
Puritanism
36
rule by bishops who appointed lower officials
episcopal polity
37
rule by elders elected from among the people who in turn elect higher officials
presbyterian polity
38
complete political independence of each church
congregational polity
39
only those who pleaded they were innocent were hung.
salem witch trials
40
church members who were outwardly moral, but not owned the covenant could present their children for baptism. Increased the number of church members.
half-way covenant
41
baptism by immersion of professing believers only.
baptists
42
centered in the colony of Pennsylvania. Man is saved through obeying its leading.
quakers
43
refusal to buy British goods
boycott
44
tax on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies.
internal tax
45
requirement that salaries, taxes, and expenditures be scrutinized by elected officals
power of the purse
46
british attempt to tax legal and commercial documents in the colonies.
stamp act
47
requirement that the colonists help supply the British army
quartering act
48
repressive series of direct taxes on various colonial goods, such as glass.
Townshend acts
49
British redcoats killed five unarmed Patriots in 1770.
Boston massacre
50
1754-1763. Began in the New World and spread to Europe (seven years war)
French and Indian war
51
important fort the French built at the forks of the Ohio River at the outset of the French and Indian War
Fort Duquense
52
removed french influence
Treaty of Paris
53
ended the fighting on both sides of the atlantic. Provided a shaky peace between England and France
Treaty of Utrecht
54
information of british threats to liberty within the colonies
committee of correspondence
55
Boston patriots took action in 1773 when some British ships refused to take their tea back to England
Boston Tea Party
56
"coercive acts", patriots refused to be coerced. happened because of the tea party
Intolerable acts
57
self government, deceleration of American rights
first continental congress
58
costly British victory outside of Boston, ran out of amunition
Battle of Bunker Hill
59
(Thomas Paine) advocated independence from Britain
Common sense
60
listed the grievances that Americans had against the king and also stated universal principles that would shape the character and direction of the emerging nation.
Declaration of Independence
61
if he didn't, he would lose support for the war.
Why did Washington prepare to defend New York?
62
raids, helped boost American morale
Princeton (Trenton)
63
brought France into the war, capture of the British army.
Saratoga campaign
64
handed over a fort
Benedict Arnold
65
"swamp fox" launched guerrilla raids
Francis Marion
66
close alliance of sovereign states
confederation
67
first document to unite the U.S. under one government
articles of confederation
68
one house
unicameral
69
confederation's greatest triumph in foreign affairs
Treaty of Paris
70
underlying theme of the constitution, limits on governmental power.
limited government
71
division of government into three separate branches.
separation of powers
72
balance of power among the three separate branches.
checks and balances
73
division of power between national and state levels of government
federalism
74
the ultimate source of governmental power lies in the people.
popular sovereignty
75
introduced the charter
preamble
76
each state has a number of electors equal to the state's representation in congress
electoral college
77
changes to the constitution
amendments
78
organized three departments and appoint their secretaries
George Washington
79
head of the department of state
Thomas Jefferson
80
secretary of treasury
Alexander Hamilton
81
leader in the House of Representatives
James Madison
82
organized thirteen district courts, Supreme Court still had little power
Judiciary Act of 1783
83
first ten amendments, restricted the power of the national government and protected individual rights
bill of rights
84
Hamilton's ambitious plan. funding- federal government give bonds to those they owed money to. assumption- national government's takeover of all state debts, south voted for it for the national government to be in the south.
funding and assunmption
85
objective was to issue a unified currency and provide loans to local businesses.
national bank
86
claimed to be true keepers of the constitutional flame. commerce and industry
federalists
87
(republicans/democratic republicans)- viewed themselves as the last line of defense between Federalist tyranny.
antifederalists
88
U.S. would pursue a policy of friendliness and impartiality toward both nations. Washington said no to republicans and federalists and issued this.
proclamation of neutrality
89
avoided war with Britain
Jay Treaty
90
violent attack against the government over taxes
Whiskey rebellion
91
warned against permanent alliances with foreign countries, political.
Washington's farewell address
92
second president of the U.S.
John Adams
93
never officially declared
Quasi war
94
unconstitutional acts against immigrants and slander against the government.
Alien and Sedition acts
95
opposed the alien and sedition acts, states have the right to secede when the government acts unconstitutional.
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
95
opposed the alien and sedition acts, states have the right to secede when the government acts unconstitutional.
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

U.S. History (8 decks)

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