MIDTERM

Question 1

Describe each ophthalmology test/description
1. Patency of Nasolacrimal Apparatus/Corneal Scratch/Erosion
2. Aqueous Tear Production
3. Tonometry
4. Tear Break-up Time/Tear Film Quality/Superficial Corneal Injury
5. Visualization of the Retina

Answer 1

1. Fluorescein stain
2. Schirmer tear test
3. Intra-ocular pressure (IOP)
4. Rose Bengal test
5. Fundic exam

Question 2

Nuclear (lenticular) sclerosis
1. is a common cloudy change to the eye lens of the senior dog.
2. is another name for cataract.
3. will eventually lead to blindness.
4. is an aging change of the intravertebral cartilage increasing risk of herniation.

Answer 2

1. is a common cloudy change to the eye lens of the senior dog.

Question 3

T/F: There are important tear glands in the 3rd eyelids (nictitans) of dogs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Uveitis will result in a lower than normal intraocular pressure (IOP).

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Ocular lymphoma is a benign condition in dogs.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F: A candidate may sit for a VTS certifying exam after 2 years of clinical experience, if all other requirements are met.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Entropion is
1. abnormal eyelid conformation -rolling toward the glove
2. abnormal eyelid conformation - rolling away from the globe
3. a type of ocular tumor
4. abnormal eyelash growth

Answer 7

1. abnormal eyelid conformation -rolling toward the glove

Question 8

Conjunctivitis in dogs is caused by
1. all choices are correct
2. allergies
3. chemical irritant
4. incomplete blink (poor eyelid conformation)

Answer 8

1. all choices are correct

Question 9

T/F: “Flea-bite Hypersensitivity” (flea allergy) is rare in dogs.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Conjunctivitis in cats is caused by
1. all choices are correct
2. Upper Respiratory Infection (i.e. Calicivirus)
3. Herpes virus
4. Chlamydia infection

Answer 10

1. All choices are correct

Question 11

The most correct treatment for a prolapsed third eyelid
1. surgical removal of 3rd eyelid
2. replace in normal position and suture into place
3. corticosteroid eye drops
4. no treatment needed - it will resolve with time

Answer 11

2. replace in normal position and suture into place

Question 12

T/F: Nutrition has no effect on ocular health.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T/F: All animals that “scoot” (rub perineum on ground) have anal gland sacculitis.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F: It is rare for an animal to have more than one type of allergy at the same time.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

T/F: Ligaments and tendons can be seen on radiographs.

Answer 15

False
- Ligaments and tendons are of similar density as other soft tissue
structures, making them impossible to see on radiographs (unless calcified by a specific disease process, which is very rare)

Question 16

T/F: Orthopedic radiographs should include the bone of interest, plus the joint proximal and distal to region of interest.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: Orthopedic radiographs should be oriented with the distal portion at the top of the screen, and the proximal portion at the bottom of the screen when presented for DVM evaluation.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Cast padding is an example of which layer of the Robert-Jones bandage?
1. Secondary
2. Primary
3. Tertiary
4. It is not used in the Robert-Jones Bandage

Answer 18

1. Secondary

Question 19

Endocrine Alopecia is characterized by
1. bilateral symmetrical flank hair loss
2. hair loss to the tail (“rat tail”)
3. all choices are correct
4. loss of curl in curly coat breeds i.e. Poodle

Answer 19

3. all choices are correct

Question 20

The surgical correction for a torn cranial cruciate ligament where the tibia is cut and rotated is called
1. TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy)
2. ECLS (External Capsular Lateral Suture)
3. Tightrope Procedure
4. malpractice!

Answer 20

1. TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy)

Question 21

List two advantages of VTS certification vs. LVT without VTS certification.
You got 5/6 points for this A

Answer 21

1. Gain unique skills within specialty
2. Earn recognition for education of specialty

Question 22

A screw that is designed with additional threads around the head to prevent it from backing out (without external force) is called a:
1. Rush Pin
2. Cortical Screw
3. Self-Locking Screw
4. Cancellous Screw

Answer 22

3. Self-Locking Screw

Question 23

T/F: An epidural to provide anesthesia to the rear legs is placed between the L7 and S1 vertebrae.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the purpose of the RUMM Block?
1. Stop pets from becoming intoxicated
2. Provide analgesia to the distal rear limb
3. Provide analgesia to the cervical spine
4. Provide analgesia to the distal forelimb

Answer 24

4. Provide analgesia to the distal forelimb

Question 25

What is the difference between a veterinary technician society and a veterinary technician academy? 1. anyone can join an academy, but only a VTS can be a member of a specific society 2. anyone can join a society, but only a VTS can be a member of a specific academy 3. there is no difference between a society and an academy 4. an academy is a formal training location (building); a society is a group of people

Answer 25

2. anyone can join a society, but only a VTS can be a member of a specific academy

Question 26

When collecting skin biopsies with the Punch Biopsy technique, the veterinary technician 1. shaves closely and performs a routine surgical scrub of the skin 2. submits the biopsy samples in alcohol 3. does not shave and scrub the skin 4. can skip the history/medication portion of the submission form

Answer 26

3. does not shave and scrub the skin

Question 27

When utilizing a Medicated Shampoo Therapy, 1. the lather should sit on skin for at least 10 minutes 2. the lather should sit on skin for no more than 5 minutes 3. the lather is unimportant because there will be a persistent residue after rinsing 4. the baths are usually given no more than once per month

Answer 27

1. the lather should sit on skin for at least 10 minutes

Question 28

What is the possible cause of this feline skin lesion? 1. mites (i.e. Demodex) 2. propofol-induced self-trauma 3. dermatophytes (i.e. Ringworm) 4. all choices are correct

Answer 28

4. all choices are correct

Question 29

These skin changes developed during an Intradermal Skin Test, they are 1. pustules 2. wheals 3. collarettes 4. erosions

Answer 29

2. wheals

Question 30

T/F: After an animal has acquired ringworm, the fungal spores may contaminate the environment for more than 1 year.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

This dog has been diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma. The lesions indicated by the white arrows below are called ___. 1. scale 2. ringworm 3. erosion 4. collarette

Answer 31

4. collarette

Question 32

Identify the type of skin lesion in the images below using words from this list (pustule, scale, wheal, collarette, erosion, tumor, hyperpigmentation)

Answer 32

A. Scale B. Pustule C. Erosion

Question 33

Why is it important to evaluate and care for the skin disease of animals? (3)

Answer 33

1. Human-animal bond 2. Quality of life for patient (chronic condition, discomfort/pain) 3. Secondary conditions may develop

Question 34

This image is an example of Moist Dermatitis "hotspot" at the base of the ear. List 3 possible diagnostic steps:

Answer 34

1. Fungal culture (DTM) 2. Impression smear 3. Skin scraping

Question 35

List three treatment steps for Moist Dermatitis.

Answer 35

1. Clip fur of affected area 2. Clean with chlorhex solution (gently) 3. E-collar to prevent self-trauma

Question 36

Large areas of alopecia (hair loss) are found on the abdomen of a dog. List 3 possible disease processes for such a problem. Hint: Remember DAMNIT You got 6/9 points for this

Answer 36

1. Contact allergy 2. Atopy 3. Ringworm * Two are both allergy related :(

Question 37

An owner has presented her cat "Sylvester" with a complaint of "obsessively grooming the abdomen." List 3 questions to ask the owner that may be helpful in diagnosing this dermatological problem. You got 7/9 points on this

Answer 37

1. How long has this been going on for? 2. Is Sylvester on a flea control? 3. How has water consumption been?

Question 38

List 3 things that should be included in a patient’s post-surgery discharge instructions:

Answer 38

1. What medications were given and to go home with (how to give & when, what to expect). 2. Nutrition/diet changes/needs. 3. How to care for incision site and what to watch out for. More: a. Exercise Restrictions b. Confinement c. Medications i. Purpose, Dose, Frequency, Duration, Route, Side Effects ii. Tips for administration of meds! d. Diet e. Incision site monitoring i. Normal vs Abnormal f. Bandage care (if applicable) g. Post-Anesthetic monitoring h. Possible complications i. Follow-up care & recheck

Question 39

List 3 roles of the orthopedic surgery veterinary technician:

Answer 39

1. Anesthesia monitoring 2. DVM & Owner communication/history 3. Administering local blocks pre-op More: a. Communicating with owner and rDVM to get a full picture of the condition requiring orthopedic surgery b. Performing local and nerve blocks pre-op to improve patient comfort c. Performing anesthesia on patients undergoing orthopedic surgery d. Taking radiographs for surgical planning and post-op hardware assessment and healing e. Performing hospitalized care on patients before and after surgery f. Educating clients on home care and special considerations for the orthopedic patient g. Assisting in physical therapy and rehabilitation h. Performing and maintaining bandage changes i. Cleaning, packing, and sterilization of surgical instruments j. Taking inventory of hardware and maintaining orthopedic surgical equipment

Question 40

Describe the fracture imaged below (skin intact) with at least 5 descriptive words.

Answer 40

Right Diaphyseal Spiral Displaced Closed Spiral

Question 41

List four disciplines (out of 16) in which a veterinary technician may become a Veterinary Technician Specialist.

Answer 41

1. Anesthesia 2. Dentistry 3. Behavior 4. Nutrition

Question 41

In addition to clinical clock hours and a written certifying exam, what are three other possible requirements for becoming a Vet Tech Specialist (VTS)?

Answer 41

1. Letters of recommendation 2. Case reports 3. Required skills for specialty More: a. be a LVT b. have letters of recommendation c. case log of specific type of cases d. demonstrate specific hand skills e. mentorship by a VTS or DVM specialist f. complete a published paper g. complete CE in specific topic h. complete all Academy requirements within a specific time frame