Ophthalmology p1

Question 1

What are the two mechanisms for eye diseases?

Answer 1

1. Hereditary
2. Developed later in life

Question 2

What are the two major differentials for eye disease?

Answer 2

1. Superficial
2. Deep

Question 3

Know ocular anatomy

Question 4

Superficial eye diseases (5)

Answer 4

1. Eyelids (adnexa)
2. Nasolacrimal
3. Conjunctiva
4. Tear film
5. Cornea

Question 5

Eyelid diseases

Answer 5

1. Abnormal conformation
2. Abnormal hairs
3. Abnormal growths

Question 6

T/F: The prognosis for an eye related issue is better the earlier on it is discovered & treated

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Define each conformation:
1. Entropion
2. Ectropion
3. Can a patient have both at the same time?

Answer 7

1. Lid turns in
   - (Green on image)
2. Lid turns out
   - (Red on image)
3. Yes!

Question 8

Eyelid diseases (4)

Answer 8

1. Conformation
   - Entropion, Ectropion
2. Lids too large or small
3. Inherited
4. Corneal erosion/ulcer

Question 9

Define each abnormality:
1. Distichia
2. Ectopic cilia
3. Growths (2)
4. Eyelid agenesis
5. Dermoid

Answer 9

1. Hairs out meibomian gland
   - Short & stiff
2. Abnormal eyelashes rubbing on the cornea
3. Tumors & chalazion
4. Abnormal development - Feline
5. Abnormal development - K9

Question 10

Third Eyelid Prolapse “Cherry Eye”
1. Treatment (2)
2. How much production of tears is it responsible for?

Answer 10

1. Put it back (don’t ignore the problem!)
   - Don’t cut it
2. Responsible for 40% of the

Question 11

Nasolacrimal Diseases (2)

Answer 11

1. No puncta (or is small)
   - Congenital usually, epiphora, Sx correction
2. Plugged puncta / Tear duct
   - Inflammation, infection, tumor, discharge

Question 12

Normal conjunctiva function and appearance (3)

Answer 12

1. Normally clear and smooth
2. Freely movable
3. Mucin component of the tear film

Question 13

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) “Dry Eye”
1. Tear film layers (3)
2. Diagnosing: Quantitative vs Qualitative TFD (2)

Answer 13

1. Lipid, Aqueous, Mucin
2. Quan vs Qual
   - Schirmer tear test = Quan
   - Rose Bengal test = Qual

Question 14

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) “Dry Eye”
Clinical signs (4)

Answer 14

1. Thickened conjunctiva
2. Hyperemic (reddened) conjunctiva
3. Mucoid discharge
4. Cornea becomes like leather/kin
   - Pigment
   - Vascularization
   - Scarring
   - Erosions / Ulcers

Question 15

Conjunctivitis - Feline
Causes (5)

Answer 15

1. Herpesvirus!
2. Chlamydia
   - Rare
3. Adults with erosions
4. Stromal keratitis
   - Inflamm rxn in the corneal stroma
   - Immune-mediated
   - FIV+

Question 16

What is the cause of each color?

Answer 16

Question 17

Corneal Erosions
1. Etiology
2. Possible cause (2)
3. Diagnosis (1)

Answer 17

1. Epithelial loss only
2. Trauma, KCS
3. Fluorescein stain

Question 18

Chronic Corneal Erosions
1. What is it?
2. Who’s prone to it?
3. how long does healing take?
4. Side effect (1)
5. Treatments (3)

Answer 18

1. Adhesion defect
2. Old dogs
3. Months
4. Might vascularize
5. Usually need Sx under sed
   - Debridement
   - Keratotomy
   - Contact lens

Question 19

Cornea - Deep ulcers

Question 20

Ulcer vs Erosion

Answer 20

Ulcer = Epithelium + Stroma (crater / divot)
Erosion = Epithelium

Question 21

Causes of Corneal Injuries (2)

Answer 21

1. Lacerations
2. Foreign bodies