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PSYC 300 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Stress

A

response to perceived demands that are a little bit beyond you

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2
Q

fear

A

present oriented response to actual danger

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3
Q

panic

A

a sudden rush of intense fear with no real objective danger

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4
Q

Anxiety

A

future oriented
possibility that something bad could happen

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5
Q

4 reasons why anxiety would become a disorder

A

intensity
frequency
excessive amounts
causes impairment

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6
Q

anxiety disorder course

A

often chronic

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7
Q

what’s the largest mental health problem in North America

A

anxiety disorders

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8
Q

which cultures do anxiety disorders not exist in

A

none

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9
Q

what % of people with anxiety also have depression

A

50

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10
Q

genetic cause for anxiety

A

a genetic predisposition to experience negative emotions

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11
Q

biochemical (Nurotransmitter) causes for anxiety

A

depleted GABA
something wrong with serotonin circuits

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12
Q

biochemical (brain region) causes for anxiety

A

hyperactive amygdala
less active prefrontal cortex
something wrong with hippocampus

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13
Q

amygdala implication with anxiety

A

when hyper active it has an abnormal threat assessment and will trigger the HPA easier

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14
Q

PFC implication with anxiety

A

an inability to recall extinction of HPA

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15
Q

Hippocampus implication with anxiety

A

the disfunction causes
reduced capacity to distinguish safe/dangerous
insensitivity to cortisol (shuts doen HPA)

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16
Q

3 parts of Barlow triple vulnerability model

A

genetic predisposition
general psychological vulnerability
specific psychological vulnerability

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17
Q

5 types of anxiety disorders

A

panic disorder
specific phobia
agoraphobia
social phobia
generalized anxiety

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18
Q

characteristics of a panic attack

A

unexpected terror
physiological symptoms
worrying about getting them before and after
sudden rush of symptoms

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19
Q

4 subtypes of panic attacks

A

cued- set off my certain trigger
situationally predisposed - some situations and not others
unexpected - can’t identify trigger
limited symptom - not all symptoms

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20
Q

biological contributors to panic attacks

A

neurochemical disturbance
30-40% genetically transmitted

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21
Q

cognitive contributions to panic attacks

A

misconceptions about the severity of their symptoms

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22
Q

treatment of panic disorders

A

CBT - education, exposure to triggers,
medication - can sometimes cause bodily sensations which trigger panic attacks

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23
Q

Specific Phobia characteristics

A

persistant fear that is excessive and unreasonable
cued by presence/anticipation of certain object/situation

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24
Q

5 types of phobia

A

animal
natural environment
blood injury injection
situational
other

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25
phobia learning contributions
2-factor learning theory rochman: 3 pathways
26
2-factor learning theory
1- classical conditioning --> emotional response becomes attached to thing 2- operant conditioning --> when you react to remove negative stimuli = negative reinforcement
27
rochman 3 pathways
direct conditioning- eg. attacked by dog vicarious conditioning - eg. watched others be afraid informational transmission - eg. you heard you should be afraid
28
specific phobia treatment
in vivo treatment cognitive modification (education)
29
Agoraphobia characteristics
anxiety about being in situations where escape is hard avoided completely entered w/ safe person only
30
treatment of agoraphobia
CBT - education, in vivo, relaxation, breathing
31
social anxiety disorder characteristics
persistant fear of one or more social situations fear of doing something embarrassing
32
social anxiety comorbidity
substance abuse depression
33
social anxiety biological contributors
non specific genetic - heightened reaction to others reactions
34
social anxiety treatment
CBT - more effective SSRI- works faster
35
Generalized anxiety disorder characteristics
excessive worrying difficulties controlling worry physical tension
36
genetic contributors to GAD
under active GABA Small inheritability
37
GAD cognitive models
cognitive avoidance - focus on future to distract from present intolerance of uncertainty
38
treatment of GAD
CBT - worry discrimination SSRI
39
5 somantic symptom disorders
somantic disorder illness anxiety disorder conversion disorder factitious disorder malingering
40
what do Somantic symptom disorder comorbid with
PTSD Depression
41
somantic symptom disorder characteristics
suffering is authentic excessive time and worry devoted to health reporting of vague symptoms
42
somantic symptom disorder treatment
explanatory therapy - eduction on anxieties involvement
43
illness anxiety disorder characteristics
preoccupation with having an undiscovered serious illness minimal symptoms if any
44
conversion disorder characteristics
symptom of altered voluntary Motor function unable to recognize neurological control genuine belief
45
etiology of conversion disorder
lower ses less education major life stress
46
psychodynamic perspective of conversion disorder
idea that this is a defence mechanism can't accept a conflict so you turn it into a physical manifestation
47
cognitive behavioural perspective of conversion disorder
learned through experience stressful event dysfunctional beliefs on pain
48
fictitious disorder characteristics
faking symptoms for no obvious reward besides attention sub type - fictitious by proxy
49
5 types of obsessive compulsive disorders
OCD body dysmorphic disorder hoarding disorder trichotillomania excoriation
50
how are OCD disorders different from anxiety disorders
different underlying near circuitry distinct symptom patterns comorbity among OCD
51
OCD Characteristics
obsessions which turn into cumplsions taking up at least one hour a day
52
3 insights of OCD
Good insight - know they're wrong poor insight - know they're probably wrong but still kinda believe it absent sight - fully believe
53
Biological contributors of OCD
genetics - nonspecific heritable dysregulation of brain circuit
54
Biological treatments of OCD
Pharmopschotherapy Surgical
55
pharmacotherapy treatments for OCD
SSRI 35% Reduction partial improvement drugs aren't great
56
Surgical treatments for OCD
ablation technique - lazer to destroy overactive area deep brain stim- add electrode in problematic area
57
area of brain most associated with anxiety
limbic system
58
behvioral inhibition system
activated by signals from brain stem when activated makes us anxious
59
fight or flight system
originates in brain stem imidiate alarm/ escape signal
60
smoking and anxiety
smoking is positively correlated with panic and anxiety disorders
61
GAD and gender
most are female
62
why could drug treat from GAD in seniors be problematic
they're not specifically for GAD, but for cognitive functioning. this can impair their cognitive function and result in mis stepping and physically hurting themselves
63
GAD and twin studies
more common for both in MZ than DZ
64
GAD Genetic trait
anxiety sensitivity
65
when do most initial panic attacks begin
after puberty
66
agoraphobia and gender
75% women
67
nocturnal panic
physiological symptoms wake people and induce panic attack commonly experienced happen during delta waves - think they're dying
68
interpreting regular body responses as beginning of panic attack
learned alarms
69
panic control treatment
inducing mini panic attacks in a clinic to teach coping skills
70
negative implications of benzodiapines
may interfere with psychological treatments can impair cognition over time
71
difference w/ situational phobia and agoraphobia
situational phobia doesn't induce stress until in said situation
72
when does social anxiety onset peak and decline
teenage years -- senior years
73
selective multism
lack of speech in one or more setting where socially expected
74
what type of OCD tic related
symmetry
75
thought action fusion
thoughts of responsibility and guilt developed in childhood eg. thinking about killing someone= same as killing someone
76
PTSD
An emotional disorder following a traumatic event cannot be diagnosed till 1 month after
77
characteristics of PTSD
Seeing, experiencing, learning of traumatic event recurrent memories of event intense phsyological distress
78
accuse stress disorder
symptoms of PTSD occurring within a month of trauma 50% of these people go on to get PTSD
79
etiology of PTSD
a truamatic event genetic vulnerability psychological vulnerability - anxiety sensitivity
80
constructive narrative approch
PTSD treatment strategy recontructing the story with therapist
81
eye movement desensetization and reprocessing
PTSD treatment strategy follow therapist finger with eye while thinking about trauma
82
prolong greif disorder
debilitating greif symptoms for more than 6 months
83
adjustment disorders
anxious/depressive reactions less extreme than acute or PTSD
84
Attachment disorder
developmentally innaproptiate behaviour child is unwilling to form proper attachment with caregiver
85
reactive attachment disorder
child very rarly seeks out help from caregiver
86
depersonalization
dissociative disorder which makes you lose sense of self
87
derealization
dissociate disorder which makes you lose sense of the world`
88
dissociative amnesia
unable to recall personal info because of a traumatic event
89
generalized amnesia
condition of losing if all personal info
90
DID
a fragmented identity made up of a few distinct personalities result of childhood trauma
91
did onset
almost always young mostly women
92
3 cognitive models in people with OCD
over importance of thoughts inflated responsibility of thoughts thought action fusion
93
2 kinds of thought action fusion
likelihood TAF- thinking will increase Moral TAF - makes u a bad person
94
CBT treatment in OCD
Normalize intrusive thoughts
95
treatment for BDD
SSRI CBT EPR
96
Hoarding disorder
persistan difficulty discarding possessions perceived need
97
etiology of Hoarding disorder
starts in younger years significant impairment by 20's
98
what does anxiety trigger to turn on flight/fight response
autonomic nervous system
99
which system is essential to the expression of anxiety and depression
corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system
100
what does the CFR activate
HPA axis
101
behaviour inhibition system
Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.
102
another word forBIS
fight or flight system
103
interceptive avoidance
avoidance of internal physical sensations
104
psychological factors affecting medical condition
first the presence of a diagnosed illness (asthma, diabetes) and then your psychological state makes it worse
105
la belle indifférence
the attitude of indifference displayed by people with conversion disorder which demonstrates a true belief and distinguishes from other diseases like malingering
106

PSYC 300 (3 decks)

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