Midterm 2 Flashcards
Why did the Mexican government want to attract settlers to Texas? What
were the terms of the Mexican governments land grants to these settlers?
.
Because of raids into Mexico by the Comanche Indians, the Mexican government wanted to attract settlers to Texas to create a buffer zone between deeper Mexico and the Comanche. The Mexican government offered these settlers land grants if they assimilated as Mexicans by adopting Catholicism and learning to speak Spanish. In practice however, the Anglo-Saxon settlers were far more interested in just taking the land and bringing slaves with which to cultivate it
As in the United States at the time, Mexico grappled with questions that
sparked rebellions against the central Mexican government. What was this
question? How did this question get resolved in the province of Texas?
Just like the US, the Mexican government grappled with the idea of how strong a central government should be. After fighting for independence of Mexican provinces, the Mexican citizens, who fought alongside white settlers, captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign a treaty. Later, there was a dispute over Texas. Mexico, claiming the treaty was void, reclaimed it’s provinces including Texas. Texas believed itself to be independent. It was finally settled when James Polk annexed Texas, leading to the US Mexican War.
What dispute sparked the US-Mexican War?
The disputed land between Rio Grande (which American think as their boundary) and Nueces River (Mexico’s think as the boundary). James Polk placed cannons and army regiment in the Rio Grande river inturn Central Mexican government attacked to displaced the American in the disputed land. 11 American soldiers were killed, as the news reached Washington D.C. the president cried that Mexico has invaded American soil shedding american blood on it’s soil.When 11 US soldiers were killed, Polk announced that Mexico had killed Americans on US soil. This led to the US American War.
What did Ralph Waldo Emerson mean when he predicted that if the US
were to seize its neighbor’s territory, “it will be as the man swallows the
arsenic, which brings him down in turn. Mexico will poison us.” What would
be the basis of this poisoning?
Ralph Waldo Emerson a Transcendentalist suggested accruing such a big territory will spark the debate and conflict about slavery. It will increase the sectional tension and division between the Northern Free State vs the Southern Slave State.
Why was the “War Between the States” or the “War of the Rebellion” called the first modern war? What were the major differences between the North and the South in terms of demographics, economy, and resources?
The Civil War was called the first modern war because of how industrial revolution was factored into the war. First mass army fought using arms forged during the industrial revolution. Musket were replaced by powerful rifles. Wooden battles ships were now clad with Iron. Technology played important role in the war, troops and supply were transported in train by railroad, observation balloons, submarines, and grenades were first used. The North was favored to win the war, the Union boosted 22 million in population vs the South who only that 9 million population, of which 3.5 million are slaves. North had far superior manufacturing, railroad transportation, and financial resource. The South however didn’t even have uniform, shoes, and arms. Only economy was cotton plantations. They had to rely on imported good from other foreign nation.
What military advantages did each side enjoy?
The North had manufacturing and money while the south had field advantage and it was Easier to defend and people fought harder to defend their homes.
•Why is the Civil War considered the first modern war?
First war where widespread use of mechanized and electrified devices like railroad trains, ariel Observations, telegraph, photography, torpedoes, mines, ironclad ships and rifles occured.
Mass armies, mass produced weapons, scale of casualties=modern war
Explain the use of propaganda during the Civil War. How was the Civil War
revolutionary in terms of the dissemination of information? How was this done?
How did federal policies undertaken during the Civil War transform the United States into a stronger nation state–economically, politically and ideologically?
Considered as second revolution of America, it redefined the meaning of Freedom. Freedom is self ownership, reinforced the sense that the nation was a progressive force in world history which lined with Northern value. Power of federal government increased during this time period as the federal budget also increased. Due to rapid economic development driven by the industrial revolution and the war many capitalist and selfmade men were created.American civil war also brought forward a phenomenon of Nation Building not only to the nation but throughout the world, Unification as a national entity. People in Nation started to call themselves as “American” versus Virginian or New Yorker
How were women’s opportunities enhanced by the war?
During the war manufacturing jobs held by men opened up for the northern women. Federal clerks, Nurses, white collar government jobs, and retail sales opportunities opened to women. Women serve in Armies as nurses, women indirectly supported the war by raising money and supplies for soldiers. The relief Agency opened volunteer work for women to support home front efforts.
Why did Presidential Reconstruction fail?
The American Civil War preserved the Union and freed the slaves. However, during Reconstruction, a lack of political focus on the effort failed to solve the sectional wounds, and the elimination of the freed slaves’ newly gained civil liberties failed to bring about long-term racial integration.
What proposals were contained in the Moderate’s legislation for reconstructing the
South and how did President Andrew Johnson respond to that legislation?
How did the Reconstruction Acts of1867 impact the South and voting rights for
African American men?
Divided the south into five military districts. Used by Radical Republicans are civil war victory to readmit souther states to the Union.
By what means did Southern Whites seek to limit African-American civil rights and liberties? How did the federal government respond?
One such assurance came with the election of Woodrow Wilson, the first Southerner elected to the White House since before the Civil War. In one of its first acts, the Wilson Administration segregated the Post Office Department and other government offices in Washington.African Americans, by contrast, enjoyed equal citizenship and voting rights as enshrined in the post-Civil War constitutional amendments. But in practice they were subjected to systematic discrimination and treated as a lower caste. White citizens employed violence and terror to enforce this system of subordination. This included the regular practice of lynching, or extrajudicial murder by way of hanging, burning, or other forms of torture.From quizlet - Through the Black Codes, blacks were not allowed to testify against whites, serve on juries or to vote. Blacks who did not sign yearly labor contracts with planters could be arrested. Some states limited job opportunities, barred them from acquiring land and even allowed judges to assign black children to work for their former owners without their parents consent.
What are the major principles of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Most tellingly, the Supreme Court backed the notion that the equal protection clause of the 14thAmendment applied not only to human beings but also to corporations. An 1886 case regarding taxes on railroads, Santa Clara v Southern Pacific Railroad, was among the first of a series of Supreme Court decisions that accepted 14th Amendment arguments to overturn restrictions on the length of the workday, health and safety standards, and other regulations and taxes that corporate managers found objectionable. Written into the Constitution in 1868, the original intent of the 14thAmendment was to protect the former slaves, some of the poorest and most vulnerable Americans, from laws that discriminated by race. Within 20 years, the amendment had turned into a legal bulwark of corporate privilege
14 amend - Gave all people born in US citizenship in the US.
Briefly explain america’s second industrial; revolution. WHat were the conditions that enabled it to happen? What were the results?
The Second Industrial Revolution was the rapid expansion of economy from agriculture to industrial nation in US after the civil war. Because abundance of natural resources, new capital investment, transformation of the west, growing labor supply, expansion of the railroad system and land grant given by the government to wealthy people, increase immigration for new found freedom, and no more sectional issue in America enable this era to occur. Although American become ⅓ industrial output of the world this concentration of wealth left a lot of people in the behind in class and corruption in politics. From quizlet - The second industrial revolution made it possible for electricity to light streets and homes, power machinery to be used in factories, scientific developments that made new materials and consumer products. In addition, the telegraph and telephone made communicating faster.The conditions that enabled this to happen where the increase of railroad networks that facilitated the flow of goods and information across the national markets. As a result, there was expansion of farming and rural enterprise. It also created power of the wealthy elite such as industrial corporations. From coursehero - America's second industrial revolution(1870-1914) was due to the expansion of the railroad system and the introduction of new technology. Factories were no longer limited to a body of water to operate their machinery thanks to the use of coal to create steam, a factory could be established anywhere. Results were a nation that was becoming more self sufficient and an increase of jobs in the north that affected the south's economic standing.
What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration?
Vertical integration is where a company controls every stage of production, from the raw materials, transportation, manufacturing to distribution.
Horizontal integration is a strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or competitive. Business merges with other companies to remove competition
Explain the increasing wealth and poverty in the gilded age. Describe the various groups, what their living conditions were like and what sort of work they did.
During the rise of industrialization, most skilled workers did well during this period. Also, during this period of unregulated economic expansion, Industrialist through their cut throats means of integration, created powerful empires. The ended up collecting most of this profit. However, because of unregulated working environment and labor rights, many unskilled workers were left behind. This increased the class gaps between wealthy and poor. These unskilled workers were left to live in the slums of society.
@alth, while poverty and insecurity pressed on the men and women who worked America’s farms and factories.Workers and farmers were hard-pressed by low wages and falling farm prices even in the best of times. With no social safety net in place, an injury on the job or a single poor harvest could leave a family destitute. Financial panics and economic busts repeatedly followed speculative booms, as the depressions of 1873-1878, 1893, and 1896 pushed millions of unemployed men and women into desperate poverty. Meanwhile, the rich grew richer. Economic inequality took on proportions without precedent in American history.Over these years, electricity lit streets and homes, and powered the machines of new industries. Scientific developments in chemistry and metallurgy made possible new materials and new consumer products. Telegraph and telephone communications, steam ships, and the completion of the railroad network facilitated the flow of goods and information across national and global markets.The railroad served as a driving force of industrialization
The United States emerged as an industrial giant, outpacing the older industrial powers of Europe.Mass production techniques rendered many of the old craft methods obsolete, raising the demand for unskilled and semiskilled workers. Millions of such workers arrived from across the Atlantic seeking employment in the mills and factories of Chicago, Pittsburgh, and other rapidly expanding industrial cities of the northeastern and Great Lakes states. Unlike previous waves of immigration mainly from the British Isles and northern Europe, most of these newcomers arrived from Poland, Italy, and elsewhere across eastern, central, and southern Europe.
Industrialization had unleashed enormous power to create wealth. It also increased the power of a wealthy elite in society. Industrial and financial corporations formed the cornerstone of this new power.The racial divide also deepened. By the early 1880s, the destruction of the bison herds had deprived the Plains Indians of their means of sustenance, while the pressure and violence of the US Army confined them to reservations. Adding to Native American misery, the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 further eroded tribal lands and put tribal institutions under siege.
Asian immigrants, meanwhile, faced intense hostility and violence. In California and other western states, people of Chinese descent faced a series of discriminatory laws. Intense xenophobic agitation culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, a federal law that barred entry of immigrant workers from China and denied people of Chinese origin the possibility of citizenship.African Americans, by contrast, enjoyed equal citizenship and voting rights as enshrined in the post-Civil War constitutional amendments. But in practice they were subjected to systematic discrimination and treated as a lower caste. White citizens employed violence and terror to enforce this system of subordination. This included the regKnown as the Gilded Age, this was a time when corporate leaders amassed vast weular practice of lynching, or extrajudicial murder by way of hanging, burning, or other forms of torture.
From quizlet -
-Farmers: made organizations to stop corporate privilege
-working-class
-political elite:
-large corporations:
-african americans:
From coursehero - The increase of wealth in the gilded age was due to the fact that large corporations had no regulatory institution to overlook their operations. Combined with cheap labor from migrant worker a large gap of income developed. Various groups were established in order to protest the greedy and selfish large corporation that mistreated and dismissed the poor. The groups were setup to represent the poor and fight for their voice to be heard to show the experiences that the poor were going through on a daily basis. Such as little food to eat, living in harsh conditions such as unhygienic, cramped and cold areas.
