Midterm 2 - Ch. 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Learning
Relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience
Operant conditioning
Describes how learning takes place when the learner recognizes the connection between a behavior and its consequences
Antecedents
Anything that tells employees about desired and undesired behaviors and their consequences
Positive reinforcement
Administering positive consequences to employees who perform the behavior
Negative reinforcement
Removing negative consequences when employees perform the behavior
Extinction
Removing what is currently reinforcing the behavior
Punishment
Administering negative consequences to employees who perform the behavior
Organizational behavior modification (OB Mod)
Systematic application of the principles of operant conditioning for teaching and managing organizational behavior
Steps in OB Mod
ID important OB Measure frequency of behavior Analyze antecedents and consequences Intervene Evaluate for performance improvement Problem solved? (N > back to ID or Intervene; Y > maintain intervention)
Social cognitive theory
Learning theory that takes into account the fact that thoughts and feelings influence learning
Vicarious learning
Learning that occurs when 1 person (learner) learns a behavior by watching another person (model) perform the behavior
Conditions for vicarious learning
Observes the model when the model is performing the behavior
Accurately perceives model’s behavior
Must remember the behavior
Must have the skills and abilities to perform the behavior
Must see that the model receives reinforcement for the behavior in question
Self-efficacy
Person’s belief about his/her ability to perform a particular behavior successfully (acts as moderator)
Experiential learning
Learning by doing; direct involvement in subject matter
Creativity
Generating an idea about a product, process, or procedure that is 1. novel (new to the org), 2. useful to the org
Innovation
Implementation of the creative idea
Creative process
Recognition of a problem or opportunity Information gathering Production of creative ideas Selection of creative ideas Implementation of creative ideas
Basic tenet
Behavior is a function of the person and the environment
Determinants of creativity (employees)
Individual differences
Task-relevant knowledge
Intrinsic motivation
Determinants of creativity (organization)
Level of autonomy
Form of evaluation
Reward system
Importance of a task
Learning organization
Organizational learning (open to ideas) Knowledge management
