Midterm 2 - Ch. 4 Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q

Perception

A

Process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret the input from their senses to give meaning and order to the world around them

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2
Q

Components of perception

A

Perceiver
Target
Situation

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3
Q

Bias

A

Systematic tendency to use or interpret info about a target in a way that results in inaccurate perceptions

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4
Q

Types of Perception Biases

A
Primacy effect
Contrast effect
Halo effect
Similar-to-me effect
Harshness, leniency, average tendency
Knowledge of predictor
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5
Q

Primacy effect

A

We remember first and last things most

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6
Q

Contrast effect

A

How you do is impacted by how the other people are doing

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7
Q

Halo effect

A

If your perceiver has a general good/bad impression of you, they assume you would be good/bad in other specific areas

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8
Q

Similar-to-me effect

A

Most of us like who we are, so we are going to like people who are similar to us

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9
Q

Harshness, leniency, average tendency

A

Harshness - regardless of how everyone performs, they are just harsh in general; leniency - they are easy on others; average - cannot commit to extremes

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10
Q

Knowledge of predictor

A

Knowing how a target stands on a predictor of performance influences perceptions of the target

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11
Q

Subjective performance indicator

A

Qualitative; opinion

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12
Q

Objective performance indicator

A

Quantitative; data

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13
Q

Attribution theory

A

Describes how people explain the causes of behavior; internal vs. external attributions

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14
Q

Attributional biases

A

Fundamental attribution error

Self-serving attribution

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15
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

When we are trying to explain someone else’s behavior, we make internal attributions about them, NOT external

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16
Q

Self-serving attribution

A

Internal for our successes; external for our failures

17
Q

Learning vs. performance orientation

A

Beliefs > motivation > attribution (Dweck & Legget)