Midterm 2 Lec 12

Question 1

What is macitence of animals

Answer 1

Basic functions like regulate body temperature,breath, being able to walk

Question 2

What is nutrition

Answer 2

The study of the body uses nutrients

Question 3

What is growth in animals

Answer 3

The increase of weight and tissue

Question 4

Describe production in animals

Answer 4

Making milk,meat,eggs,wool

Question 5

What is reproduction like in animals

Answer 5

Need to be on top of their maintenance and production

Question 6

What depends on nutrients in animals

Answer 6

Maintenance
Growth
Production
Reproduction

Question 7

What are essitnsik nutrients

Answer 7

The animal can’t make it on their own or enough so they need to get it from their diet

Question 8

What are nonessential nutrients

Answer 8

Nutrients that are made from the body

Question 9

Can essential and non essential nutrients vary in animals

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are the 6 classes of nutrients

Answer 10

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals,water, and vitamins

Question 11

What nutrients give energy for the animal

Answer 11

Carbs, fats, protein

Question 12

What nutrients make up structures in animals ( muscle tissue,bones)

Answer 12

Fats, proteins,minerals, water

Question 13

What nutrients make up regulation in the animal

Answer 13

Proteins, minerals,water, vitamins

Question 14

Why is water important for animal

Answer 14

It’s a major part of body tissues and products like eggs and milk
And 60% of theirs body weight

Question 15

How can animals get water

Answer 15

By drinking water
Through its food depending on the feed being 10-80%
Metabolic water- can be made through metabolism

Question 16

Can animal die from lack of water before starvation

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What are the bodily functions of water

Answer 17

Shape, temp regulation, transport,metabolic reactions

Question 18

What are the types of carbohydrates

Answer 18

Simple carbs and complex carbs

Question 19

What is a simple carbohydrate made up of

Answer 19

Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules) like glucose and disaccharides like maltose

Question 20

What makes up complex carbs

Answer 20

Polysaccharides

Question 21

What are examples of complex carbs

Answer 21

Starch- energy storage
Cellulose- part of cell wall in plants

Question 22

What elements are in carbohydrates

Answer 22

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen

Question 23

How are carbs related with energy

Answer 23

Because glucose can be stored in tissues

Question 24

Where can the sources of carbohydrates come from

Answer 24

-Grains which are simple sugars and starch which are easy to digest
-forage it contains the cellulose and it requires microbial fermnetioaj to break down

Question 25

What is main form of fat in the diet of an animals

Answer 25

Triglyceride

Question 26

What is a triglycerides composed of

Answer 26

Glycerol back bone and 3 fatty acid side chains

Question 27

What can fatty acid side chains differ in

Answer 27

The amount of carbon they have, And numbers of double bonds they have

Question 28

What elements are in fats

Answer 28

Carbon,hydrogen and Oxygen but less than carbohydrates

Question 29

Are fats energy dense

Answer 29

Yes 2.25 time more than carbohydrates on a weight for weight basis

Question 30

Do fats carry vitamins

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What are saturated fats like

Answer 31

They have no double bonds in the fatty acid chain

Question 32

What are unstructured fats like

Answer 32

They have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain

Question 33

What are proteins

Answer 33

Chains of amino acids that are joined by peptide bonds

Question 34

How is the order of amino acids determined

Answer 34

DNA sequence

Question 35

What are proteins composed of

Answer 35

Hydrogen,carbon,oxygen and nitrogen

Question 36

What is simple protein

Answer 36

Just amino acids

Question 37

What is a complex protein

Answer 37

Amino acids and other substances

Question 38

What substances are in complex protein

Answer 38

Heme groups-hemoglobin it carries oxygen in the blood Lipid - lipoproteins Carbohydrates sugar attached to then- glycoproteins

Question 39

What is the quality of protien

Answer 39

How much amino acids are present and the ratio

Question 40

How many amino acids are essential and what are they called

Answer 40

10 amino acids . They’re called valine and serine

Question 41

What are minerals

Answer 41

Inorganic they don’t have carbon, hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen

Question 42

What are examples of minerals

Answer 42

Calcium,phosphorus,sodium

Question 43

Can minerals supply energy to the diet

Answer 43

No

Question 44

What is a macro nutrient

Answer 44

When it’s needed in large amounts like calcium

Question 45

What is micro nutrient

Answer 45

When it’s needed in a small amount like selenium

Question 46

What are macro nutrient examples

Answer 46

Chlorine,calcium, magnesium and phosphorus

Question 47

What are examples of micro nutrients

Answer 47

Cobalt,copper,iron,iodine

Question 48

What are vitamins

Answer 48

Group of nutrients that are unrelated structurely

Question 49

What are fat soluble essential for

Answer 49

All animals

Question 50

What are water soluble vitamins essential for

Answer 50

Monogastric animals,non ruminants Because they don’t have the vitamins that live in the rumen and horses have it in their cecum

Question 51

What is the result from the lack of vitamins

Answer 51

Disease

Question 52

How many known vitamins are there

Answer 52

16

Question 53

What is used to determine the diet being made for an animal

Answer 53

Digestibility Palatability (taste good) Adding and blending of minerals and vitamins

Question 54

What shows a diet is good for the animal

Answer 54

It balance of nutrients meets the need of teh animal

Question 55

What is proximate analysis

Answer 55

A series of chemical and analytic methods that breaks down the feed to its core nutrients to get a approximate composition of the feed

Question 56

What are the core nutrients in proximate analysis

Answer 56

Water,minerals,protein,fat, carbohydrate

Question 57

What are the parts of proximate analysis

Answer 57

1) feed 2a) Moisture 2b) Dry Matter 3a) Ash 3b) Organic Matter 4a) Protein 4b) Non-nitrogenous matter 5a) Fat 5b) Carbohydrate 6a) Crude Fiber 6b) Nitrogen-Free Extract

Question 58

How much nitrogen is in proteins

Answer 58

16%

Question 59

Where can starches be found in

Answer 59

In grains

Question 60

Where can cellulose be found in

Answer 60

Forage

Question 61

What is crude fiber

Answer 61

The cellulose content of the diet

Question 62

How is dry meter determined

Answer 62

By weighing the feed and dehydrating it in the oven and then re weighing it

Question 63

What does crude protien determine

Answer 63

The amount of nitrogen in the feed

Question 64

What is crude fat

Answer 64

The portion of feed that is soluble in ether

Question 65

What is acid detergent fiber

Answer 65

The cell wall portion of the forage that’s made up of cellulose and ligin

Question 66

What is neutral detergnat fiber

Answer 66

A reflection of teh amount of forage the animal can eat

Question 67

What is chemical analysis

Answer 67

Determines the exact amount of what’s in the animal feed

Question 68

What is more common proximate or chemical analysis

Answer 68

Proximate because chemical is expensive