Midterm 2 Lecture 10 Flashcards by Sofia Ruelas

What is digestion

The physical, chemical and enzymatic break down of food

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What is a carnivore

Eats meat, ex) cats, dogs

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What is a herbivore

Eats plants, ex) rabbits, horses, goats

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What is a omnivore

Eats both plants and meats, Ex) humans, pigs ,chickens

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What type of stomatch do non ruminanats have

Mono gastric meaning they don’t have a rumin

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Where does the digestive system start

In the head gut it receives food

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What does the foregut do

Move the food from the head gut or store food

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What does the midgut do

The breakdown of big molecules and acids and fats get absorbed

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What does the hindgut do

Absorb water and feces is formed and eliminated

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What is pretension

The methods animals use to get food in their mouth

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What is mastication

When animal is chewing

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What is salivation

Produce liquid,buffers and salts to then moisten the food to then easily chew the food

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What is deglutition

The process of swallowing

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What is peristalsis

Muscle contractions that get the food down the digestive tract

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What happens in the stomach (chemical digestion)

Acid (HCL) secretion which starts the digestive process by denaturing protein in food

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What is in the small intestine

The mid gut and the hind gut

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What type of digestion happens in the small intestine and large intestine

Enzymatic digestion

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What are the 2 ways the diet of an animal is categorized

By its diet or by the type of stomach it has

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What are the subtypes of being a mono gastric/non ruminants

Simple and more complex( has a functional cecum so it can use more fibrous feedstuff)

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Functions of the GI tract

1) receiving (head gut)
2) conducting storing(foregut)
3) digestion/absorption(midgut)
4) absorbing water, defecting( hindgut)

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What are the 3 types of digestion

Physical/mechanical , chemical, enzymatic

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What is physical/ mechanical digestion

Pretension, mastication, salivation,deglutition, peristalsis

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What is enzymatic digestion

Breaks bond using intestines,organs and microbes

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Describe the duodenum

In the upper part of small intestine, neutralizes stomach acid and has low ph, enzymatic digestion to break everything down

Describe the jejunum

at the second bend of small intestine, does digestion but Mainly absorbs

Describe the ileum

At the last part of small intestine, does absorption and immune responses

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine

Colon, cecum,rectum

What does the colon do

Absorbs water and forms feces

What does the cecum do

It’s the blind pouch has one way in and one way out, main digestion area for some species

What does the rectum do

Connect the colon to the anus

What is Saliva

The mix of water, salt,mucus, and enzymes

What r the 3 main salivary glands

Parotid,submandibular, sublingual

What is the order of pig digestive tract

Esophagus,stomach, pancreas,duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon,rectum

What does the pancreas do

Makes digestive enzymes

What type of stomach do pigs have and what diet

Mono gastric more complex and a omnivore

What is the diet and stomach of chickens

Omnivore and monogastric

What is the order of chickens digestive tract

Esophagus,crop (food storage), proventriculus ( equivalent to the stomach acid digestion happens ) , gizzard or ventriclus( a muscular stomach and it grinds food) , duodenum,jejunum, ileum,2 cecas , large intestine,And cloaca.

What does the gall bladder do in the chicken

Secreates bile to small intestine that comes from the liver

What is the stomach and diet of a dog

Carnivore and Simple monogastric

Order of the dogs digestive tract

Esophagus,stomach, pyloric sphincter( a muscle and closes off but allows fluids to small intestine) ,jejunum,ileum, connects with large intestine at ILEOCECAL JUNCTION,colon, rectum,anus

Is the cecum active in pigs and dogs

Describe the diet and stomach of a horse

Herbivore,more complex monogastric

What do horse use to get food

Lips

Describe order of horse digestive tract

Stomach, small intestine, cecum, large colon,small colon, rectum

Is a horse a hindgut fermenter

Yes

Does the horse have a functioning cecum

Yes

What is massive in the horse GI tract and what does it do

Cecum and it’s where the bulk of digestion happens

What unique features of the sturgeon fish

Pyloric cecum ,spiral intestine

What is the main diet of sturgeon fish

Shellfish

What is the order of sturgeon digestive tract

Conduit, esophagus, distal stomach, gizzard, pyloric cecum, intestine, spiral intestine

How many chambers do ruminants have 4

The main compartment is the rumen, reticulum,omasum,and the abomasum( true stomach)

What is the order of ruminant stomach

Esophagus,rumen, reticulum(honey comb pattern) , omasum, abomasum,pylorus

What does papilla do in the rumen

It increases the surface area of the rumen to get the feed to interact with the tissue and microorganisms

What is the reticular grove

For newborn animals that are suckling, it bypasses the esophageal groove to stimulate tissues to then get the milk straight to omasum and bypass the rumen

How is the rumen studied

With fistulated cows, the cows gets an opening made and a plug is put to the rumen