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MUSIC 103 > Midterm 2 (Part 3) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative Rock Rebellion (2 responses)

A

Feeling that Rock had become too mainstream yielded 2 response:
1. Punk = simple, back to basics rock/anti-authority lyrics
2. New Wave = experimental rock

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2
Q

The Velvet Underground

A

Garage band who took the New Wave route
- Anti-commercial, focus on dark subjects

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3
Q

Velvet in Furs (The Velvet Underground)

A

Emblematic of Velvet Underground sound (anti-commercial)
- Theme: Sexual bondage
- Single cover like Led Zepp 4 (no labels)

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4
Q

The Stooges

A

Garage band who took the Punk route

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5
Q

1969 (The Stooges)

A

Emblematic of The Stooges sound (back to basics, anti-authority lyrics)
- Flat lyric presentation

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6
Q

CBGB & OMFUG (Country, Bluegrass, Blues and Other Music for Uplifting Gormandizers)

A

Music clubs in Manhattan which seeked to showcase alternative rock groups
- Ex. Ramones = first punk group to perform → got a record contract (Talk Heads = same situation!)

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7
Q

Ramones

A

Punk band; took the ‘back to basics’ approach in all respects!
- 50s outfits
- Loud, fast, energetic (Chuck Berry!)

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8
Q

I Wanna Be Sedated (The Ramones)

A

Punk song; famous for cynical lyrics (only solution to drug-induced insanity is drug-induced paralysis!)
- Basic, ‘boring’ bridge and key change

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9
Q

The Talking Heads

A

New Wave band; famous for nerdy image
- Funk achieved with minimalism and layering

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10
Q

Psycho Killer (The Talking Heads)

A

New wave song emblematic of their funk sound
- Inventive stereo use (sound alternates in L&R speakers)
- Byne’s Vocals: hard R’s, shift to speaking, switch to french, strange noises (all represent mind of Norman Bates)

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11
Q

Emergence of Funk in Early 70s

A

A back to basics approach (like Punk) to the dance crazes of the 60s

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12
Q

Characteristics of Funk

A
  1. Catchy melodies
  2. Syncopation = groove
  3. Rhythm AND horn sections
  4. Call + Response b/w instruments
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13
Q

Parliament

A

Funk group
- Originally an acapella group
- Joined forces with Funkadelic on tour = Parliament-Funkadelic (P-Funk)

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14
Q

George Clinton

A

Funk innovator → formed both Parliament and Funkadelic

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15
Q

Give Up The Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker) (Parliament)

A

Funk song; exemplifies all the characteristics of funk (except call+response):
- Catchy melody, syncopation created by layering, horns in rhythm section
- Voice acts as bass at start of song

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16
Q

Trinity of Funk

A

James Brown, George Clinton, Sly Stone

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17
Q

Sly Stone

A

Frontman of Sly and the Family Stone
- Central aim = uniting audiences
- Diverse background (gospel singer –. DJ at R+B station)
- Unique expanded funk style allowed him to top both R+B (black) and Pop (white charts) with same song

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18
Q

Sly Stone

A

Frontman of Sly and the Family Stone
- Central aim = uniting audiences
- Diverse background (gospel singer –. DJ at R+B station)
- Unique expanded funk style allowed him to top both R+B (black) and Pop (white charts) with same song

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19
Q

Sly and the Family Stone

A

Significance of name (not because Sly’s brother in band)
- Aimed at uniting diverse audiences → reflected in band makeup (symbolic of overcoming differences)

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20
Q

Everyday People (Sly and the Family Stone)

A

Funk song; band arrangement reflects their band goal (work as unified rhythmic machine)
- Entire song = single chord = UNITY
- Theme: we are all just people, segregation is absurd!

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21
Q

Family Affair (Sly and the Family Stone)

A

Group’s most successful song; funk sound more mature (complex polyrhythms, wah wah pedal)
- Theme: Commonalities that unify people

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22
Q

Origins of Hip-Hop

A

Intersection between Africa and America music

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23
Q

Characteristics of Hip-Hop

A
  1. Rap = form of expression (local identities, underrepresented)
  2. Built on culture beyond rap (dance, dress, speech)
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24
Q

Microphone Evolution (DJ Kool Herc)

A

Rhymes that would be spoken over breakbeats

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25
Q

DJ Kool Herc (& Technique)

A

DJ who introduced hip hop in the New York scene
1. Noticed that dancers responded best to dance breaks in songs
2. Coined breakbeat music = backspin one record to beginning of break while the other’s break plays through
3. Scratching

26
Q

Toasts/Toasting

A

Storytelling as the ‘rhyme over backbeats’
- Trickster Tales of West Africa

27
Q

MC

A

Person who would perform a toast

28
Q

Hustler’s Convention (Jalaluddin Mansur Nurridin OR Lighting’ Rod)

A

Hip-Hop template album; Toasts written and performed by a prisoner on top of a funk/jazz backbeat
- Not commercial success; later sampled by Wu Tang Clan, Beastie Boys, Naz

29
Q

Rapper’s Delight (Sugarhill Gang)
***”Hip-hop, hippity hop”

A

First song to bring Rap to national conscious
- Sampled “Good Times” (CHIC) → lawsuit ended up in CHIC founder getting credits
- Each member gets turn at MC
- Lyrics = improvised, funny

30
Q

The Message (Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five)

A

First honest depiction of life in the urban ghettos to reach national conscious
- Established cannon of realness

31
Q

Sociopolitical Context of the 80s

A
  1. Reagan Era and Reaganomics
    - Tax breaks to wealthy, military spending (arms race), - Deregulation of the music industry
  2. Musicians challenging dominant conservative attitude
32
Q

Economics of the Music Industry in 80s

A

Economic recession as a result of deregulation of the industry:
1. Competition among sources (TV, videos, gaming)
2. Death of disco
3. Piracy

33
Q

New Technologies of the 80s

A

Walkman, CD, synthesizers, drum machines…

34
Q

MTV

A

Cable TV channel which acted as a promotional vehicle for music
- Superstars promoted on the channel credited for bringing industry out of recession

35
Q

Second British Invasion

A

Primary included New Wave/Synth Pop artists
- Promoted heavily on MTV

36
Q

Racism Critique of MTV

A

Channel mainly focused on promotion of white artists (like AOR of the 70s)
- Only 2% of videos in first 2 years by African American artists

37
Q

How Thriller Changed MTV

A
  1. Hit singles forced MTV to take advantage
  2. Columbia (Jackson’s record label) threatens to pull white rock from channel
38
Q

Debate Between Analog and Digital (80s Technology)

A

Analog = soundwaves made physical imprint (LP)
Digital = soundwaves converted into electric wave forms (Cassettes?, CDs)
- Questions include: do they sound different? Which is better?

39
Q

Synthesizers (80s Technology)

A

Theramin, Hammond Organ, keyboard synthesizer

40
Q

MIDI (80s Technology)

A

Musical Instrument Digital Interface; allows the communication between different musical devices
- Connected samplers, sequencers, drum machines

41
Q

Kenny Rogers

A

Place in the adult contemporary genre (not fully Country)
- Inoffensive love songs for middle age

42
Q

Lady (Kenny Rogers)

A

Written/produced by Lionel Ritchie, became a huge crossover hit (pop, country and R&B)
- Inoffensive lyric (19th century Knight in shining armor)
- Traditional form (AABA)
- Country sound? = steel guitar

43
Q

Kenny Rogers Compilation Album

A

Album which contained crossover hit ‘Lady’
- Why Lionel Ritchie agree to project (guaranteed $$)

44
Q

Tina Turner

A

First black woman to achieve success in rock
- In 60s, member of Ike and Tina Turner Revue
- Launched solo career in 80s (songs linked to intimate biography)

45
Q

What’s Love Got To Do With It? (Tina Turner)

A

Off first solo album Private Dancer, became a huge crossover hit (pop, R&B)
***Instrumentation mirrors lyrics
- Verse = overwhelming sexual attraction (rich texture of flute & stings)
- Chorus = cynical view on love (bass and guitar create reggae grove)

46
Q

Eurythmics

A

Annie Lennox + Dave Stuart; part of 2nd British Invasion
- Similar sexual ambiguity to Bowie

47
Q

Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) (Euthymics)

A

New wave/synth pop of the second British invasion; experimental sound became commercial as a result of global corporate consolidation
1. Tech features (hypnotic loop, overdubbed harmonies)
2. Instrumentation mirrors lyric (verse = dark, cynical → chorus = hopeful)
3. Do-It-Yourself Production

48
Q

Why Metal Initially Declined in Late 70s

A

Audience (mostly teenage, white males) seen as an embarrassment

49
Q

Jump (Van Halen)

A

Hit which brought metal back into the 80s mainstream
- Virtuoso guitar methods (pull offs, tapping)
- Synth replaces lead guitar (dialogue between tradition and future)

50
Q

Thriller (Michael Jackson)

A

Unprecedented, boundary-crossing album (many genres)
- Similar to Barry Gordy goal, aimed at creating African American pop for white (& black audiences)

51
Q

The Girl is Mine (Michael Jackson feat. Paul McCartney)

A

Adult contemporary/soft rock/R&B
- Theme: White and Black man argue over affections of same woman → black man wins!

52
Q

Beat It (Michael Jackson feat. Van Halen)

A

Metal with synth pop (guitar virtuoso skills again demonstrated during solo)

53
Q

Thriller (Micheal Jackson)

A

The ‘caters to all genres’ song, without guests!
- Haunting voice = Vincent Price

54
Q

Madonna

A

Famous for her challenging of conservative ideas and heavy self-promotion (reinventing herself and maintaining artistic control)

55
Q

Madonna’s Two ‘Conflicting Images’

A

Innocent/Vulnerable/Cheerful
VS
Tough minded, sexually experienced
***Sparked controversy = interest!

56
Q

Like a Virgin (Madonna)

A

Showcased her ‘conflicting images’ through voice
- ‘Innocent’ = soft, breathy tones (playing off Hollywood female stereotypes)
- ‘In charge’ = belt, throaty tones

57
Q

Madonna’s MTV Awards Performance

A

Showed her ‘conflicting images’ through riving around on the floor in a wedding dress

58
Q

Prince

A

Comparable to Stevie Wonder, superstar who took charge of his musical vision (Paisley Park Studios, Minneapolis)
- Multiple influencing genres
- Like Madonna, constantly reinvented himself (flower child → sexual deviant)

59
Q

Prince’s Battle With Warner Bros

A

Warner Bros = record label which produced Prince’s early albums
- Felt like a slave of WB, who he claimed used his name as a marketing tool
- Legally changed his name to unpronounceable symbol (‘The Artist Formerly Known As Prince’)

60
Q

Parental Advisory (PMRC)

A

Assigned to songs with explicit themes
First song to receive warning: ‘Darling Nikki’ (Prince)

61
Q

When Doves Cry (Prince)

A

Accompanied the movie ‘Purple Rain’ (walked balance of b/w public and private)
1. Verse + Chorus
- Rhythmic sameness
- No bass (ungrounded feel)
- Voice = only harmonic accompaniment
2. Repeated Groove Ending
- Texture thickens to reach climax
- End = melodic flourish

MUSIC 103 (6 decks)

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