Midterm Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
The heart is found in which cavity
A
Thoracic
2
Q
The basic structural and functional units of an organism, such as a plant or animal, is the
A
Cell
3
Q
The pericardial cavity
A
Contains the pericardial fluid
4
Q
The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things is what
A
Physiology
5
Q
The guillotine, a medieval instrument for beheading criminals, could be described as passing along what plane through the neck
A
Transverse
6
Q
Which of the sections below separates the body into dorsal and ventral parts
A
Frontal section
7
Q
The study of the body’s organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called what
A
Systemic anatomy
8
Q
Which of the following is the cavity on taking the liver, stomach, kidneys, and spleen
A
Abdominal cavity
9
Q
A group of cells with similar structure and function plus the extra cellular substances located between them describes what
A
Tissues
10
Q
A cut accross the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as what
A
An oblique section
11
Q
patient arrives at an emergency room with a traumatic pneumothorax after a car accident. In the course of the accident, the patient suffered a penetration wound which allowed air to fill the space around one of his lungs causing it to collapse. Which cavity must the doctor remove the air from?
A
Pleural cavity
12
Q
Which of the sections below separates the body into left and right parts
A
Median plane
13
Q
When a person is in anatomical position, the wrist is what to the elbow
A
Distal
14
Q
What is the characteristic of life that enables an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments needed to sustain its life
A
Responsiveness
15
Q
A vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is called what
A
Median plane
16
Q
What characteristic means the ability to use energy to perform vital functions
A
Metabolism
17
Q
The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what
A
Retroperitoneal
18
Q
The cavity containing the heart but not the lungs is what
A
Pericardial cavity
19
Q
Which of the following is cut through the long axis of an organ
A
Longitudinal section
20
Q
Which of the sections separates the body into superior and inferior parts
A
Transverse section
21
Q
The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what
A
Reduces friction
22
Q
X-rays, ultrasound, mri, and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures are examples of what
A
Anatomical imaging
23
Q
What is not a type of tissue
A
Serous
24
Q
If you make a jello mold with strawberries suspended in it, and whipped cream on top, the strawberries are what while the whip cream is what
A
Deep, superficial
25
What is a cut through an organ at right angles to the long axis
Transverse section
26
The arm extends from where to where
Shoulder to elbow
27
What is true of negative feedback
Negative feedback is important for maintaining homeostasis
28
The study of the body's organization by areas is called what
Regional anatomy
29
An example of cavity surrounded by the rib cage, bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is what
Thoracic cavity
30
A cavity contains the urinary bladder enclosed by the bones of the pelvis is what cavity
Pelvic cavity
31
What are the two major goals of physiology
To understand and predict the body response to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains homeostasis
32
In which quadrant of the abdomen would most of the liver be located
Right upper quadrant
33
What is the midline partition that divides the thoracic cavity into two parts
The mediastinum
34
Anatomical position refers to individuals that are
Standing erect, upper limbs at their sides, and palms facing anterior
35
The study of external features, such as bony projections that serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures is called what
Surface anatomy
36
From the anatomical position the scapula is always what to the ribs
Dorsal, posterior, and superficial
37
Cavity contains the lungs but not the heart is what cavity
Pleural cavity
38
A patient arrives at an emergency room with a traumatic pneumothorax after a car accident. In the course of the accident, the patient suffered a penetration wound which allowed air to fill the space around one of her lungs causing it to collapse. Which serous membranes were likely damaged assuming that the lung itself was not punctured?
Parietal pleura
39
The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and what
Pelvis
40
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the what
Diaphragm
41
What is not true about cartilage
The matrix of cartilage is mineralized and calcified giving it a ring like pattern
42
What are anchor fells to the basement membranes, found in the epithelial , and are a modified form of desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
43
Cell connections that bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers are called what
Tight junctions
44
What are small channels that allow materials to pass from one epithelial cell to another
Gab junctions
45
During tissue repair, the clot is first replaced by a delicate connective tissue called what
Granulation tissue
46
The most correct classification of epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells, in which the outer layers are flat and thing and the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar is what
Stratified squamous epithelium
47
When new viable cells replace dead cells the process is called what
Replacement or regeneration
48
What are striated muscle cells
Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
49
What is correct about the ability of certain cells to divide and produce new cells
Permanent cells cannot undergo mitosis and divide
50
When you get sunburn after a day at the beach which membrane have you damaged
Cutaneous
51
What are located in the walls of the stomach and small intestine
Smooth muscle cells
52
The blood-brain barrier is a specialized epithelium that prevents many materials from passing from the blood into the brain. The type of cell connections most likely present between the cells forming this barrier are
Tight junctions
53
What is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle
Many nuclei per cell
54
What cells are unicellular glands that produce mucus
Goblet
55
What have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of materials into the body and are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur are correct
Stratified epithelial tissue
56
What happens in regeneration
New cells of the same type are created and normal function is usually restored
57
Cells of the epidermis are linked together via what which rivets the plasma membranes of the two cells together with a network of fine proteins and intercellular cement
Desmosomes
58
What are nerve cell processes that conduct action potentials away from the cell body
Axon
59
The supportive cells of the nervous system are called what
Neuralgia
60
What functoin as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement, attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue and are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue are true of what
Basement membranes
61
What are major components of the extra cellular matrix of connective tissue include what
Protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid
62
What membranes are associated with the lungs
Pleural
63
Epithelial cells that appear cube like when an organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid are classified as what
Transitional epithelium
64
Two types of phagocytic cells involved in tissue repairs are what
Neutrophils and macrophages
65
What is a false statement about epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue is vascular
66
What is not one of the four basic tissue types
Glandular
67
The major symptoms of inflammation include
Redness and swelling, heat, pain, and disturbance of function
68
Your significant other is an amazing chef. When you come home from lecture, the smell of whatever s/ he is cooking makes you salivate as soon as you step in the door. Your saliva is being secreted from what type of gland?
Exocrine
69
What usually contain in a single nucleus
Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells
70
What are branched cells
Cardiac smooth muscle cells
71
A gland with branching ducts that expand into saclike structures is what
Compound acinar exocrine gland
72
What cells are non motile cells that release chemicals that promote inflammation
Mast
73
What are nerve cell processes that receive action potentials and conducts them toward the nerve cell body
Dendrites
74
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not is classified as what
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
75
What secrets hormones
Endocrine glands
76
What are joined to each other by structures called intercalated disks
Cardiac muscle cells
77
The part of the nerve cell in which the nucleus is located is the what
Cell body
78
The lunula is part of what
Nail matrix
79
One of the most immediately life threatening results of burns to large areas of the body is what
Decreases systemic blood pressure and development of cardiovascular shock
80
The type of glands that lubricate skin and hair and protect against some bacteria are what
Sebaceous glands
81
What is determined by the varying amounts and types of melanin
Hair color
82
To be safe and effective sunblock should block what
Both UVA and UVB
83
What is the layer of skin made of epithelial tissue and what is composed of dense connective tissue
Epidermis, dermis
84
What consists of collagen and elastic fibers, is responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin, contains fibroblasts, and has dermal papillae
The dermis
85
What is a fungal infection of the skin
Ringworm
86
Regeneration of the epidermis in a second degree burn comes from what
Epithelial cells within the hair follicles and sweat glands and comes from the epithelial cells at the edges of the damaged area
87
What glands help to cool the body
Merocrine sweat glands
88
What type of burn results in excessive fluid loss
Third degree burns
89
What type of glands cause the production of body odor
Aprocrine sweat glands
90
The nail grows from where
The nail matrix
91
The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and produces sebum are what
Sebaceous glands
92
The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and have thick organic secretion are what
Apocrine sweat glands
93
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by dermal projections into the epidermis called what
Papillae
94
The stratum corneum of the epidermis can become what
Thickened and form a structure called a callus or corn
95
Cleavage or tension lines are produced when what
There are more collagen fibers running in one direction than another
96
The type of glands that open on surface of skin and have watery secretion are
Merocrine sweat glands
97
What is also called subcutaneous tissue, is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bones and muscle, and contains about half of the body's stored fat
The hypodermis
98
Pat is on the newest diet craze. After a couple of weeks of eating only carrots and carrot based products, he begins to notice that his skin has a decidedly yellowish tint. This is because
Excess carotene from his diet has accumulated in the lipids of the stratum corneum
99
What usually arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole
Malignant melanoma
100
What cannot cause redness of the skin
Exposure to cold
101
What is produced by melanocytes
Melanin
102
In which of these cavities would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
Pelvic
103
when cancer is said to have metastasized it means that it has what
spread to other areas of the body
104
what is a viral infection that shows signs on the skin
shingles
105
what can be used to estimate total body fat
the hypodermis
106
hair is formed or made by cells within the what
hair bulb
107
the maxillae is what type of bone
an irregular bone
108
the lumps that can be felt down the midline of the back are what
spinous process
109
after what become completely surrounded by bone matrix,they are then called what
osteoblasts, osteocytes
110
when bone growth stops, what is replaced at each epiiphyseal plate with bone and is called the epipyseal line
cartilage
111
what joins the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
the coxae
112
if blood calcium levels are too high, what activity decreases, while what activity increases
osteoclast, osteoblast
113
a green stick fracture is one specific example of what
an incomplete fracture
114
the extracellular matrix and ligaments is made up of
primarily collagen fibers
115
the two bones of the skull in which teeth are located are the what
maxilla and madible
116
during growth of a long bone the site of growth in length is the what
medullary cavity
117
the location where vertebrae join each other is the
articular facets
118
Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called
sutures
119
the anatomical term to describe a tunnel in bone is
canal or meatus
120
What joints a type of synovial joint move only in one place
hinge
121
in compact bone a Haversian canal, with the lamellae and osteocytes surrounding are called what
osteon
122
the cells that actively break down osseous tissue are what
osteoclasts
123
the extracellular matrix of cartilage is made up of what
collagen and proteoglycans
124
which of these bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton
clavicle
125
what causes reabsorption of calcium from the urine in the kidney and an increase in calcium absorption in the small intestine
parathyroid hormone
126
the functions of the skeletal system do not include what
transport of materials via its fluid matrix
127
the long bones of the body form through what ossification
endochondral
128
the locations where spinal nerves exit the vertebrae are the
intervertebral foramina
129
the ulna and radius are best classified as
long bones
130
which two bones contribute to the nasal septum
vomer and ethmoid
131
bones are a tyoe
connective tissue
132
what occurs in the bones of the roof of the skull
intramembranous ossification
133
in the human body, bones are continuously what
being recycled and remodeled
134
the outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the what
periosteum
135
what are the weight bearing portion of vertebra
vertebral body
136
the extracellular matrix of bone does not include what
elastic fibers
137
what is a unique movement that occurs at the thumb as it moves through the little finger
opposition
138
the first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum are called what
True ribs and sternal ribs
139
What are the opening through which the spinal cord passes
vertebral body
140
what consists of the clavicle and scapula
the pectoral girdle
141
How many bones are in the human body
206
142
Compact bone consists of cells called osteocytes located within spaces in the matrix called what
Lacunae
143
The ribs and sternum are best classified as what
Flat bones
144
The interconnecting rods or plates of bone in cancellous bone are called what
Trabeculae
145
Vertebrae are best classified as what
Irregular bones
146
Large points of muscle attachment near the head of the femur are called what
The trochanters
147
Metacarpals and phalanges are best classified as what
Short bones
148
What is Marion that is usually due to a bacterial infection
Osteomyelitis
149
The anatomical term for a cavity found in bone is called what
Sinus
150
The joint uniting the parietal and temporal bones is the
Squamous suture
151
What is the anatomical term for a depression found in bone
Fossa
152
What is a term describing a hole found in bone
Foramen
153
A person who has had their thyroid removed may have low levels of what, causing what blood calcium levels
Calcitonin, slightly higher
154
What is a single muscle cell
Muscle fiber
155
What muscles are used to elevate the larynx
The hyoid muscles
156
This is the most stationary end of a muscle
Origin
157
The high energy molecule that can be quickly used to produce ago is what
Creatine phosphate
158
A superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is the what
Gastrocnemius
159
The anterior hip muscle that flexes the thigh is that
Iliopsoas
160
What is the end of s muscle attached to a bone undergoing the greatest movement
Insertion
161
What is to prevent the inappropriate binding to myosin
Tropomyosin in muscle contraction
162
Elasticity is the ability of skeletal muscle to do what
Recoil to their original resting position
163
What is attached to bones via tendons
Whole skeletal muscle
164
What is the smooth ER of a muscle fiber and stores calcium ions
Sacroplasmic reticulum
165
Connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi is called what
Perimysium
166
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called what
Motor unit
167
Which muscle are involved in puckering up to kiss someone
Orbiculaeis and buccinator
168
In what does the contraction amount of tension increases during contraction but the length of the muscle does not change
Isometric
169
What is not a functional characteristic of skeletal muscle
Reversibility
170
What is not a function of muscle
Production of red blood cells
171
The muscle that works in opposition to another muscle is the what
Antagonist
172
What is a group of muscle cells surrounded by Perimysium
Muscle fasciculus
173
Muscle of mastication include
Masseter and temporalis
174
The major abductor of the upper limb is the what
Deltoid
175
What is not a major function of the muscular system
Prevention of water loss
176
A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches what
Threshold level
177
The specific molecules that provide calcium binding sites on actin are what molecules
Troponin
178
The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the
Sarcomere
179
What are attached to z lines at one end
Actin myofilaments
180
What is not an effect of aging in the muscular system
Increase in the number of myofilaments in each fiber
181
The hip muscle commonly used as a site for injections is what
Gluteus medius
182
What is a muscle in a group that plays a major role in a desired movement
Prime mover
183
What flexes the wrist and fingers
The anterior forearm muscle
184
Contractibility is the ability of skeletal muscles to
Shorten with force
185
What acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue
Creatine phosphate
186
If someone winks at you, what are they using
Orbicularis oculi
