MidTerm - Final push

Question 1

can phosphorylation inhibit?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

a molecule that resembles a substrate, and fills active/binding pocket without catalyzing a reaction is a __________

Answer 2

competitive inhibitor

Question 3

malonate _______ succinate hydrogenase by filling its active site and preventing the conversion of succinate to fumarate

Answer 3

inhibits

Question 4

where does phospholipid synthesis take place?

Answer 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

covalent bond

Answer 5

two atoms share electrons (valence electrons)

Question 6

AC - ref GPCR

Answer 6

adenylyl cyclase

Question 7

providing ______ can be helpful for patients with methanol poisoning

Answer 7

ethanol

Question 8

does catalysis change delta G

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what’s an enzyme?

Answer 9

a highly specific catalyst

Question 10

where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

AP ref - RTK

Answer 11

adaptor protein

Question 12

APC (ref cell cycle )

Answer 12

anaphase promoting complex

Question 13

the lipid present in Wnt does what?

Answer 13

helps bind it to it’s origination cell

Question 14

a kinase _____ a substrate

Answer 14

phosphorylates

Question 15

nucleating element of microtubules

Answer 15

G turc

Question 16

catabolism

Answer 16

glucose –> glycolysis or citric acid cycle

Question 17

what motor proteins make sperm swim?

Answer 17

dynein motor proteins

Question 18

is ATP stored?

Answer 18

no! it’s continuously generated

Question 19

RAP ref- rtk

Answer 19

ras activating protein

Question 20

are carbons oxidized to C02 in the CAC

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

can phosphorylation activate?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

3 activities powered by ATP hydrolysis

Answer 22

pumping/transport
movement/mechanical
biosynthetic

Question 23

can the CAC occur in anaerobic conditions?

Answer 23

no, it indirectly requires O2

Question 24

cation

Answer 24

-electrons

Question 25

what role do microtubules play in mitosis?

Answer 25

chromosomal organization

Question 26

polar molecule

Answer 26

resulting from polar bonds, asymmetric electron sharing

Question 27

APC (ref - wnt)

Answer 27

adenomatous polyposis coli)

Question 28

what causes dynamic instability?

Answer 28

the GTP tubulin dimers hydrolyze into GDP, and lose stability

Question 29

the inhibition/degradation of securin leads to ______

Answer 29

anaphase

Question 30

motif/scheme of signaling pathways

Answer 30

1. signal reception - on receptor, in or out2. relay mechanism - pathway/cascade3. downstream effects - on effector, what happens?

Question 31

microtubule polarity (micro/macro)

Answer 31

polar/polar

Question 32

kinesin purpose

Answer 32

motor protein, axonal transport etc.

Question 33

APC ubiquitinates both ______ and _______

Answer 33

M-Cyclin, Securin

Question 34

sperm are made of _______ exoskeletal component

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

if you remove an electron from hydrogen, you get...

Answer 35

a proton

Question 36

non-polar molecules are hydro_______

Answer 36

phobic

Question 37

are enzymes and substrates bound by covalent bonds?

Answer 37

NO!

Question 38

active transport

Answer 38

movement of molecules against the electrochemical gradient

Question 39

passive transport

Answer 39

movement of molecules down the electrochemical gradient

Question 40

channel protein

Answer 40

channel that facilitates transport without a major conformational change

Question 41

symport

Answer 41

two proteins moving through one

Question 42

opposite of channel protein

Answer 42

carrier or transporter protein

Question 43

is a uniport a channel or carrier?

Answer 43

can be both

Question 44

is a symport a channel or carrier?

Answer 44

carrier

Question 45

is a symport passive or active?

Answer 45

both, a symport will usually have one solute that's moving down the electrochemical gradient, while another is moving up

Question 46

is an antiport passive or active?

Answer 46

both! An antiport will facilitate one molecule moving against the gradient, powered by one molecule moving down the gradiet

Question 47

is an antiport a channel or carrier

Answer 47

carrier

Question 48

Rab proteins

Answer 48

proteins on the cytoplasmic face of vesicle that provide the address code for interaction with correct target membrane

Question 49

Where is the V-snare?

Answer 49

on the vesicle

Question 50

where is the T- snare?

Answer 50

on the target membrane

Question 51

what docks to the Rab?

Answer 51

tethering proteins

Question 52

endocytosis

Answer 52

taking in of a vesicle

Question 53

exocytosis

Answer 53

exportation of vesicle

Question 54

dynamin

Answer 54

pinches off vesicle bud neck during exocytosis

Question 55

clathrin coat

Answer 55

coat of vesicle that buds off

Question 56

adaptin

Answer 56

barrier between clathrin coat and cargo receptor

Question 57

kinesin movement

Answer 57

huge conformational change, moves it's back head forward/"forward step" / power stroke

Question 58

how does ATP affect myosin

Answer 58

it causes it to release

Question 59

M-Cyclin ________ MCdk

Answer 59

activates

Question 60

are the levels of MCdk in the cell variable

Answer 60

no

Question 61

are the levels of M-Cyclin in a cell variable

Answer 61

yes

Question 62

how does G protein stop the formation of cancer cells

Answer 62

G protein has inherent GTPAse activity. Can hydrolyze GTP--> GDP and become switched off, so it's not constantly active.