Midterm (Hematopoietic Development) Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
It is the process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation
A
Hematopoiesis
2
Q
In humans can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites that rapidly change during development
A
Hematopoiesis
3
Q
It give rise to blood cells
A
Mesoderm
4
Q
3 types of stages
A
- Mesoblastic Stage
- Hepatic Stage
- Medullary Phase (Myeloid)
5
Q
19th day of gestation, Yolk sac, Liver, Bone Marrow
A
Mesoblastic Stage
6
Q
future blood vessels
A
Angioblasts
7
Q
This is the development of primitive erythroblasts
A
Mesoblastic Stage
8
Q
3 types of hemoglobin
A
Gower 1
Gower 2
Portland
9
Q
It occurs intravascularly
A
Portland
10
Q
4-5 gestational weeks
A
Hepatic Stage
11
Q
Recognizable clusters of developing erythroblasts, granulocytes, and monocytes
A
Hepatic Stage
12
Q
In this lymphoid cells start to appear
A
Hepatic Stage
13
Q
In this the blood is considered as extravascularly
A
Hepatic Stage
14
Q
It is the major site
A
Liver
15
Q
It reaches its peak in 3rd month of development
A
Fetal liver
16
Q
The first fully developed organ; major site for T-cell production (cellular)
A
Thymus
17
Q
This two produces B cells production of hepatic stage (humoral cell)
A
Kidney and Spleen
18
Q
Fifth month
A
Medullary Phase
19
Q
In the developing bone marrow cavity
A
Medullary (Myeloid) Cavity
20
Q
This cells migrate into core of the bone and differentiate into skeletal and hematopoietic blood cells
A
Mesenchymal cells
21
Q
The ratio of myeloid to erythroid by 21 weeks of gestation
A
3:1
22
Q
By the 6th month, this is now the main site
A
Bone marrow
23
Q
Shaft of the bones =
A
Hematopoietic phase
24
Q
3 types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell
A
- Pleuripotent
- Multipotent
- Totipotent
25
It involved in the proliferation and maturation of blood cells
Adult Hematopoietic Tissue
26
Contains developing eythroid, myeloid, megakaryotic and lymphoid cells
Bone marrow
27
Located in the cavities consists of trabecular bone ( like a honey comb)
Bone Marrow
28
Hematopoietically active bone
Red marrow
29
Sternum skull, scapulam vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bones and proximal ends of long bones
Red Marrow
30
Hematopoietically inactive bone
Yellow Marrow
31
In this it contains adipocytes
Yellow Marrow
32
it is due to resorption of cartilage and endostal bone
Central Space
33
in the exterior surfaces of the sinuses and extend long, narrow, branches into the peri vascular space
Reticular Cells
34
has mesh-like network
Reticular Cells
35
in reticular Cells what are the 3 supportive skeletal network
Hematopoietic cells
Macrophages
Mast Cells
36
in what age does adipocytes more abundant
2.5-7 y.o
37
in what age does re active marrow
Infancy and early childhood
38
process replacing the active marrow by the adipose tissue during development
Retrogression
39
bone marrow and thymus
Primary Lymphoid Tissue
40
Where T and B cells are derived
Primary Lymphoid Tissue
41
in this Lymphoid become competent, consists of the spleen and lymph nodes and gut associated Lymphoid tissue
Secondary Lymphoid tissue
42
It composed of extravascular cords
Red Marrow
43
It contain all of the developing blood cell lineages, stem, and progenitor cells, adventitial cells and macrophages
Red Marrow
44
It support for bone marrow
Trabeculae
45
it develop in small clusters adjacent to he outer surfaces of the vascular sinuses which is also found surrounding iron-laden macrophages
Normoblast
46
Megakaryocytes
Normoblast
47
it is close to the vascular walls of the sinuses and facilitates the release of platelets into the lumen of the sinusoids
Normoblast
48
it is adjacent to the layer of adventitial cells (reticular cells)
Basement Membrane
49
It is followed by the endothelial cell
Basement Membrane
50
Nutrient and periosteal arteries
Marrow Circulation
51
It supplies the nutrients and gas requirements of the marrow
Marrow Circulation
52
It supplies blood to the artery
Nutrients Arteries
53
it coils around the central longitudinal vein
Nutrient Arteries
54
2 Types of arteries
Nutrient Arteries
Periosteal Arteries
55
it provides the nutrients for the osseous bone and marrow
Periosteal Arteries
56
_____ branches that enter the inner lining of the cortical bone (endostum) form
Arteriole
57
__________ which connect to Periosteal cappilaries then arteries
Sinusoids (endostal beads)
58
Pathway where blood exits form the bone marrow
Central Longitudual Vein
59
it originates from endo dermal and mesenchymal tissue
Thymus
60
It is populated initially by lymphocytes in the yolk sac and liver
Thymus
61
It keeps the thymus attach
Desmosome
62
in the Thorax
Thymus
63
decreasing in size as the person gets older
Atrophy
64
lack of formation of T lymphocytes (if not developed during gestation
Thymus Pathophysiology
65
it carry the circulating lumph to the lymph nodes
Afferent Lymphatic Vesself
66
Where the Lymph exits from the lymph nodes
Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
67
fluid portion of blood that escapes into the connective tissue
Lymph
68
Between cortex and medulla
Paracortex
69
Contains t cells and macrophages
Paracortex
70
Give 1 major function of lymph nodes out of 3
-formation of new lymphocytes in from the germinal centers
-processing specific immunoglobulins
-filter particulate matter, debris, and bacteria entering the lymph node via the lymph
71
Inner
Medulla
72
Outer
Cortex
73
What are the 2 regions of lymph nodes?
Cortex and Medulla
74
What is the shaped structure of lymph nodes
Bean
75
Organs of the lymphatic system located along the lymphatic capillaries
Lymph nodes
76
Enlarged and palpable
Splenomegaly
77
Beneficial cases of excessive destruction of RBCs
Splenectomy
78
Enlargement of the spleen resulting in some degree of pancytopenia
Hypersplenism
79
Most common cause is congestive splenomegaly secondary cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension
Hypersplenism
80
Vascular sinusoids and sinuses separated by the cords of Billroth
Red Pulp
81
3 types of splenic tissue
White pulp
Red pulp
Marginal Zone
82
Surround the white pulp
Marginal Zone
83
2 methods for removing senescent RBCs from the circulation
Culling and Pitting
84
Cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degration of cell organelles
Culling
85
Splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damage surface membrane from the circulating RBC
Pitting
86
It is the largest lymphoid organ
Spleen
87
Scattered follicles with germinal centers
White Pulp
88
White pulp
Periateriolar lymphatic sheath
89
A sponge
Spleen
90
The graveyard of old blood
Spleen
91
It exhibits enzymatic deficiencies that result in the accumulation of the various intermediary porphyrins
Porphyrias
92
Deficiency in the enzymes that leads to the next product
Porphyrias
93
2 liver deficiencies in the enzymes
Severe Hemolytic Anemias
RBC dysplasias
94
Major site of blood cell production during the hepatic stage
Second trimester
95
A macrophages, removing cellular and foreign debris from blood
Kupffer cells
96
Allows plasma to have direct access to the hepatocytes
Epithelial cells
97
For the stem cell differentiation and proliferation
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
98
It supplies the semifluid matrix
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
99
Anchor fro developing hematopoietic cells
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
100
Provides supporting tissue
Hematopoietic Inductive Microenvironment
101
Derived from fibroblast
Stromal cells
102
Support and regulation of Hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cell survival and differentiation
Stromal cells
103
Broad flat cells that form a single continuos layer along the inner surface of the bone marrow sinus
Endothelial cells
104
Large cells with a single fat vacuole
Adipocytes
105
It secrete various steroids that influence erythropoiesis
Adipocytes
106
Maintain bone integrity
Adipocytes
107
Formation of reticular fiber
Reticular cells /(fibroblasts)
108
Supports the vascular sinuses and developing hematopoietic cells
Reticular cells (fibroblast)
109
3 cytokine production
Endothelial cells
Adipocytes
Fibroblast
110
Expressed on the endothelial cells surface and mediate progenitor binding to the stoma
Proteoglycan /glycosaminoglycan
