Semi-final (URINARY SYSTEM)

Question 1

The urinary system consist of the paired….

Answer 1

Kidneys and Ureters
Bladder and Urethra

Question 2

It produce urine

Answer 2

Kidney

Question 3

Transport urine toward the urinary bladder

Answer 3

Ureter

Question 4

Temporarily stores urine prior to elimination

Answer 4

Urinary bladder

Question 5

Conducts urine to exterior

Answer 5

Urethra

Question 6

3 types of Renal Functions

Answer 6

Regulatory Functions
Secretory Functions
Excretory Functions

Question 7

Has fluid balance and Acid-base balance

Answer 7

Regulatory Functions

Question 8

Has Renin production and Erythropoeitin production

Answer 8

Secretory Functions

Question 9

The parechyma of each kidney has:

Answer 9

Outer renal cortex
Inner renal medulla

Question 10

A darker stained region with many round corpuscles and tubule cross sections

Answer 10

Outer renal cortex

Question 11

From amino acid metabolism

Answer 11

Urea

Question 12

From nucleic acid metabolism

Answer 12

Uric acid

Question 13

From muscle metabolism

Answer 13

Creatinine

Question 14

Increases reabsorption of H2O

Answer 14

ADH

Question 15

Increases reabsorption of Ca+2

Answer 15

PTH

Question 16

Increases reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+

Answer 16

Aldosterone

Question 17

Decreases reabsorption of Na+

Answer 17

ANP

Question 18

It regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

Answer 18

renin-angiotensin system or RAS

Question 19

It stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone in the adrenal glands, which causes the renal tubules to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium

Answer 19

Angiotensin II

Question 20

It is found in the lungs metabolizes angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Answer 20

enzyme known as ACE

Question 21

It causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to increase

Answer 21

Angiotensin II

Question 22

It is an aspect of homeostasis in human body in which the amount of water needs to be controlled, through osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.

Answer 22

Fluid balance

Question 23

It help maintain the acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorbing bicarbonate from the urine

Answer 23

The kidneys

Question 24

It is lined with transitional epithelium underlined by a collagenous lamina propria

Answer 24

urinary bladder

Question 25

The lamina propria is lined by a unique stratified epithelium called _______ that is resistant to the potentially deleterious effects of contact with hyper- tonic urine.

Answer 25

transitional epithelium or urothelium

Question 26

________of small basal cells resting on a very thin basement membrane

Answer 26

A single layer

Question 27

________containing from one to several layers of cuboidal or low columnar cells

Answer 27

An intermediate region

Question 28

____________which are highly differentiated to protect the underlying cells against the potentially cytotoxic effects of hypertonic urine

Answer 28

superficial layer of large bulbous or elliptical umbrella cells

Question 29

The bladder in an average adult can hold _________

Answer 29

400-600 mL of urine

Question 30

with the urge to empty urine appearing at about

Answer 30

150-200 ml.

Question 31

The muscularis consists of three poorly delineated layers, collectively called

Answer 31

detrusor muscle

Question 32

The mucosa of these organs is lined by the uniquely stratified urothelium or transitional epithelium

Answer 32

URETER and URINARY BLADDER

Question 33

A specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole

Answer 33

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 34

It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.

Answer 34

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 35

The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries, called

Answer 35

glomerulus

Question 36

surrounded by a double layer of epithelial cells, called

Answer 36

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Question 37

The inner or visceral layer of the capsule consists of unique and highly modified branching epithelial cells, called

Answer 37

podocytes

Question 38

_________are adjacent to and completely invest the glomerular capillaries.

Answer 38

podocytes

Question 39

It consists of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 39

outer or parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

Question 40

Kidneys each contain 1-4 million functional units (parenchyma) called

Answer 40

nephrons or uriniferous tubules.

Question 41

The major divisions of each nephron are:

Answer 41

Renal corpuscle Proximal tubule Loop of Henle (or nephron loop) Distal tubule

Question 42

consisting of a thick straight part ascending from the loop of Henle back into the cortex and a convoluted part completely in the cortex.

Answer 42

Distal tubule

Question 43

It is not part of the nephron.

Answer 43

collecting tubule

Question 44

an initial dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and the site of blood filtration; always located in the cortex;

Answer 44

Renal corpuscle

Question 45

A long convoluted part, located entirely in the cortex, with a shorter straight part that enters the medulla;

Answer 45

Proximal tubule

Question 46

in the medulla, with a thin descending and a thin ascending limb;

Answer 46

Loop of Henle (or nephron loop)

Question 47

Amount

Answer 47

1-2 Liters/24 hours

Question 48

PH

Answer 48

pH average = 6 Range = 4.6-8

Question 49

Color

Answer 49

Straw or amber, Darker means concentrated Should be clear not cloudy

Question 50

Specific gravity

Answer 50

1.010 to 1.025 it is a measure of the dissolved material in urine; the lower the value, the more dilute the urine

Question 51

It hasthe greatest effect on the urine pH

Answer 51

Diet

Question 52

Each kidney is bean-shaped, with a ______

Answer 52

concave hilum

Question 53

Attached to each minor calyx is a

Answer 53

renal pyramid

Question 54

The cortex and hilum are covered with a

Answer 54

fibrous capsule.

Question 55

The ureter divides and subdivides into several

Answer 55

major and minor calyces,

Question 56

consisting mostly of aligned linear tubules and ducts

Answer 56

Inner renal medula

Question 57

the renal medulla in human consist of 8-5 conical structures called

Answer 57

Renal pyramids

Question 58

All with their bases meeting the cortex (at the corticomedullary junction) and separated from each other by extensions of the cortex called

Answer 58

Renal columns

Question 59

The tip of each pyramid

Answer 59

Renal papilla

Question 60

A conical region of medulla delimited by extensions of cortex

Answer 60

Renal Pyramid

Question 61

It is covered with a fibrous capsule

Answer 61

Cortex and Hilum

Question 62

Renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillary called

Answer 62

Glomerulus

Question 63

It is surrounded by a double layer of epithelial cells called glomerular capsule

Answer 63

Renal corpuscle