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Parasitology > Midterm I - Miscellaneous Photos & Info > Flashcards

Midterm I - Miscellaneous Photos & Info Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Trypanosoma sp.: Trypomastigotes

Blood smear

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2
Q
A

Trypanosoma equiperdum: Trypomastigotes

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3
Q
A

Trypomastigote in the blood

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4
Q
A

Trypanosoma sp.: Trypomastigote

Fish blood

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5
Q
A

Leishmania sp.: Promastigotes

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6
Q
A
  • Leishmania sp.*: Promastigotes
  • Extracellular forms*
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7
Q
A

Leishmania sp.: Amastigotes

Divided & intracellular - Only in macrophages

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8
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Trophozoite

Containing 2 nuclei

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9
Q
A

Giardia sp.: Trophozoites

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10
Q

AfricanTrypanosoma sp.: life cycle

A
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11
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type in the vertebrate host tissue

A

Amastigotes

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12
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type(s) in insects

A
  • Promastigote
  • Epimastigote
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13
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Form type in the vertebrate host’s blood

A

Trypomastigote

“Metacyclic form”

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14
Q

Trypanosoma sp.: Symptoms

A
  • Genital & abdominal oedema
  • Cachexia
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15
Q

African Trypanosoma sp. “Salivaria”: Vector

A

Tsetse fly

Males & females

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16
Q

Trypanosoma equiperdum: Life cycle

A
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17
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi: Life cycle

A
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18
Q

Leishmania sp.: Life cycle

A

Passed on by the saliva (not faeces)

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19
Q

Leishmania sp.: Form type In vertebrates

A

Amastigotes

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20
Q

Leishmania sp.: Form type In insects

A

Promastigotes

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21
Q

Leishmania sp.: Vector

A

Female sand fly

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22
Q

Leishmania tropica: Pathological form

A

Cutaneous form (skin)

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23
Q

Leishmania braziliensis: Pathological form

A

Mucocutaneous form (oral & nasal cavity)

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24
Q

Leishmania donovani: Pathological form

A

Visceral form (liver, spleen etc.)

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*Leishmania infantum*: Pathological form
Visceral & cutaneous form
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*Leishmania chagasi*: Pathological form
Visceral & cutaneous form
27
*Giardia sp.*: Life cycle
Spreading by cysts
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*Giardia sp.*: Cysts ## Footnote *Giemsa stain not good - Cysts appear empty*
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*Giardia sp.*: Cysts ## Footnote *Faecal smear, Poor staining - Nuclei of cysts cannot be seen*
30
*Giardia sp.*: Cysts ## Footnote *Faecal smear, poor staining - Nuclei of cysts cannot be seen*
31
*Giardia sp.*: Cysts ## Footnote *Floatation method - not good, empty cysts*
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*Trichomonadida sp.*: Life cycle
33
Trichomonas species are grouped by...
The number of anterior flagella they have
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* Trichomonas foetus* * In cattle*
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* Trichomonas gallinae* * In poultry*
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*Trichomonas sp.*: Trophozoites
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*Trichomonas sp.*: Trophozoites
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*Trichomonas sp.*: Trophozoite
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*Trichomonas sp.*: Trophozoites ## Footnote *Broth culture*
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*Trichomonas gallinae*: Necropsy specimen
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*Trichomonas gallinae*: Liver necrosis
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*Histomonas sp.*: Life cycle
43
*Histomonas sp.*: Susceptible species
* Turkey * Partridge * Quail * Guinea fowl * (Chicken)
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*Histomonas sp.*: Forms
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*Histomonas sp.*: Necropsy findings
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* Histomonas meleagridis*: Trophozoite * Liver, PAS Stain*
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*Histomonas sp.*: Trophozoite
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*Histomonas meleagirdis*: Black head disease ## Footnote *Caused by cyanosis, only becomes black post mortem*
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Generalised histomosis
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*Histomonas meleagirdis:* Infection of the caeca of a turkey
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*Eimeria sp.*: Life cycle
52
*Eimeria sp.*: Summarise the zoites
*Sporozoites & merozoites* * Unicellular forms * Asexual form in all apicomplexan parasites * Lunar shaped
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Apicomplexan sporozoites & merozoites ## Footnote *Giemsa stain*
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Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites
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Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites
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Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites
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Apicomplexan parasite: Sporozoites & merozoites
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*Eimeria sp.*: Trophozoite
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Schizonts ## Footnote *Filled with trophozoites or merozoites*
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Intracellular schizont
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Schizonts: Filled with trophozoites or merozoites
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Schizonts: Full of trophozoites or merozoites
63
Schizonts filled with trophozoites or merozoites ## Footnote *Notice the nucleus pressed to the side*
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Schizont with other staining ## Footnote *Zoites aren't visible due to staining*
65
*Eimeria sp.* infection
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* Eimeria sp.*: Schizont * Zoites can't be seen inside*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Merozoites
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*Eimeria sp.*: Microgamonts (male)
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*Eimeria sp.*: Macrogamonts (female)
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Schizogony
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Gametogony
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Gametogony
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Schizogony
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*Eimeria sp.*: Gamonts ## Footnote *Amongst chicken RBCs*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Macrogamonts (female) ## Footnote *Purple appearance*
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*Eimeria sp.* infection: Normal chicken RBC
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*Eimeria sp.*: Empty oocysts
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*Eimeria sp.*: Empty oocyst
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*Eimeria sp.*: Macrogamonts
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*Eimeria sp.*: Ripened oocyst
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Gamonts
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Nuclei of nurse cells
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*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts shedding into the lumen
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*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts enter the gut lumen
85
What is significant about the staining of unsporolated oocysts?
They cannot be stained with _standard_ histological stains
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*Eimeria sp.*: Unsporolated oocysts ## Footnote *Contains a zygote*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Unsporolated oocysts ## Footnote *Contains a zygote*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Unsporulated oocysts
89
*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts ## Footnote *Giemsa stain*
90
*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts ## Footnote *Iodine stain*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts ## Footnote *Iodine stain*
92
*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts ## Footnote *Faecal smear, Kinyoun stain*
93
*Eimeria sp.*: Oocysts ## Footnote *Faecal smear, Kinyoun stain*
94
Sporolated oocysts can not be detected...
In _fresh_ samples
95
*Eimeria sp.*: Sporulated oocyst ## Footnote *Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Sporulated oocyst ## Footnote *Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)*
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*Eimeria sp.*: Sporulated oocyst ## Footnote *Each contains 4 sporocysts (with 2 sporozoites each)*
98
How are microscopic investigation of coccidia in birds carried out?
* Mucosal & faecal smear examination * *Zoites, gamonts & oocysts* * Tissue section examination * *Schizonts & gamonts*
99
How can we recognise the different stages of coccidiosis?
By looking at the tissue condition ## Footnote *E.g if the epithelium is intact or not*
100
Avian coccidiosis: Trophozoites ## Footnote *Note the epithelium is intact: Development stage is therefore trophozoite*
101
Avian coccidiosis: Trophozoites becoming schizonts ## Footnote *Note the epithelium being destroyed*
102
Avian coccidiosis: Schizogony & new generations of trophozoites ## Footnote *Note the epithelium being destroyed*
103
Avian coccidiosis: Gametogony
104
Avian coccidiosis: Younger oocysts ## Footnote *Note the empty space around them*
105
*Eimeria acervulina*: Necropsy specimen ## Footnote *Characterised by white foci in the duodenum & jejunum*
106
* Eimeria acervulina* * Epithelial cells infected with gamonts*
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*Eimeria tenella*
108
*Eimeria necatrix*
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*Eimeria maxima*
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*Eimeria acervulina*
111
*Eimeria mitis*
112
*Eimeria acervulina* Epithelial cells infected with gamonts → Loss of epithelial cells
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*Eimeria acervulina* Epithelial cells infected with gamonts → Loss of epithelial cells
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*Eimeria acervulina* Macrogamonts & oocysts in the destroyed epithelium of duodenum
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* Eimeria maxima* * Characterised by "Salt and pepper" appearance in the intestine*
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* Eimeria maxima* * Characterised by "Salt and pepper" appearance in the intestine*
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*Eimeria maxima*: Gamont
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*Eimeria maxima*: Schizonts
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* Eimeria necatrix* * Haemorrage of the middle third of the intestine
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* Eimeria necatrix* * Haemorrage of the middle third of the intestine
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*Eimeria necatrix*: Gamonts
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* Eimeria tenella* * Enlarged, bloody caecum
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* Eimeria tenella* * Enlarged, bloody caecum
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* Eimeria tenella* * Enlarged, bloody caecum
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* Eimeria tenella* infection * Enlarged, bloody caecum
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*Eimeria tenella* infection: Schizogony
127
* Eimeria tenella* infection * Enlarged, bloody caecum
128
* Eimeria brunetti* infection * Large intestine - Bloody content
129
* Eimeria anseris* infection * Blood, ulceration, dark dots & inflammation in the gut
130
* Eimeria anseris* infection * Blood, ulceration, dark dots & inflammation in the gut
131
Renal coccidiosis of geese is caused by which species?
*Eimeria truncata*
132
*Eimeria truncata* infection * White lines on kidneys * Red spots inside tubules
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*Eimeria truncata* infection * White lines on kidneys * Red spots inside tubules
134
*Eimeria truncata* infection: Gamonts ## Footnote *​Note the renal glomerulus seen in the kidney sample*
135
*Eimeria truncata* infection: Gamonts ## Footnote *​Note the renal tubules seen in the kidney sample*
136
Which two types of development are possible in the life cycle of bovine coccidiosis?
1. With small schizonts (meronts) 2. With large macroschizonts (globidia) (usually the first generation)
137
Sheep coccidiosis: Globidia in the intestine
138
Sheep coccidiosis: Globidia inside the intestine
139
Goat coccidiosis Globidia inside the intestine
140
Large intestine: Ruminant Gamonts seen visible with the naked eye (white)
141
Coccidiosis of calf: Oocyst in the jejunum ## Footnote *Surrounded by RBCs (difference to chicken)*
142
E. zuernii characteristics of faeces
Many schizonts & merozoites are formed → * Bloody stools appear before oocyst excretion
143
E. bovis characteristics of faeces
Many gamonts are formed → * Oocysts can be found in the bloody faeces
144
Give the forms of rabbit coccidiosis infection
1. Hepatic 2. Intestinal ## Footnote *Can sometimes be mixed*
145
E. stiedai
Rabbit coccidiosis of bile ducts Can cause: * Thickening of wall of duct * Dilation of lumen * Compression of liver tissue * Cirrhosis
146
* Eimeria stiedai* infection (liver) * Oocyst
147
* Eimeria stiedai* infection (liver) * Gamonts
148
Eimeria stiedai: Biliary hyperplasia ## Footnote *Proliferation is characteristic of this parasite*
149
Eimeria stiedai (biliary) * Gamonts
150
Biliary coccidiosis of liver (E. stiedai)
151
What may be seen in the floatation technique of E. stiedai?
Oocysts may be yellow due to the bile
152
*Eimeria stiedai* infection: Rabbit liver ## Footnote *with small nodules*
153
*Eimeria* coccidiosis: Intestine of a rabbit
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*Eimeria stiedai* infection: Liver
155
*Eimeria stiedai* infection: Oocysts
156
*Eimeria stiedai* infection
157
Give the parasites of rabbit coccidiosis found in the large intestine
* E. flavescens * E. piriformis * E. coecicola
158
Intestinal coccidiosis in rabbit gut *Darker than the surrounding RBCs*
159
Isosporosis: Summary
Coccidial infection of carnivores & omnivores
160
Isosporosis: Summarise sporulated oocysts
Each contains 2 sporo**cysts** (containing 4 sporo**zoites**)
161
*Isospora canis* infection: Oocyst ## Footnote *ZN stain*
162
Prolapse of cattle rectum * Detection of unsporulated oocyst by floatation * E. bovis
163
Oocysts of E. bovis (larger) & E. zuernii (smaller)
164
Give the types of Cryptosporidiosis
* Thin wall (requires oxygen) * Thick wall
165
Cryptosporidiosis: Summarise
* Only found on the surface of the cell * IC parasite, but extracytoplasmic
166
Cryptosporidiosis: Life cycle
167
Cryptosporidiosis infection ## Footnote *Note the parasite isn't inside the cell*
168
*Cryptosporidium baileyi* infection: 2 oocyst types Red = Thick wall; White = Thin wall *Kinyoun & ZN staining*
169
*Cryptosporidium baileyi* infection: 2 oocyst types Red = Thick wall; White = Thin wall *Kinyoun & ZN staining*
170
Cryptosporidium destroyed part of the jejunum (calf)
171
Toxoplasmosis: Life cycle
172
Toxoplasmosis: Forms
* Tachyzoites * Bradyzoites * Sporozoites
173
Toxoplasmosis: In cells, trophozoites & cysts can be identified by their...
Lack of wall
174
Toxoplasma cyst (in brain)
175
Toxoplasma cyst (brain(
176
Toxoplasma cyst (Brain)
177
Besnoitiosis (Besnoitia besnoiti): Clinical signs
* Subcut. connective tissue → Elephant skin * Lesions on the sclera
178
Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue *Note the cysts have an 'empty' border*
179
Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue *Note the cysts have an 'empty' border*
180
Besnoitiosis: Cysts surrounded by connective tissue *Note the cysts have an 'empty' border*
181
Sarcocystiosis: Life cycle
*Note that Sarcocystis species use host macrophages for their lifecycle*
182
Sarcocystis oocyst contains how many developed sporocysts?
2 ## Footnote *Similar to isospora*
183
Sarcocystosis of a bird ## Footnote *White cysts on the muscle*
184
Sarcocystis suihominis: Cyst
185
Sarcocystosis: Cyst
186
Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (_with a wall_) ## Footnote *In skeletal muscle*
187
Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (_with a wall_)
188
Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (_with a wall_) ## Footnote *In skeletal muscle*
189
Sarcocystosis: Cyst cross section (_with a wall_) ## Footnote *In skeletal muscle*
190
*Sarcocystis tenella* infection: Cyst ## Footnote * Oesophagus of sheep* * Really large*
191
* Sarcocystis tenella* infection: Cyst * Oesophagus of sheep* * The free zoites can be seen*
192
* Sarcocystis rileyi* infection * Cysts in mallard muscle
193
*Sarcocystis rileyi* infection: Muscle cysts
194
*Sarcocystis tenella* infection: Cysts in oesophagus (sheep)
195
*Sarcocystis tenella* infection: Cysts in oesophagus (sheep)
196
*Sarcosporidium sp.*: Mallard (intermediate host)
197
How is Hepatozoonosis of dog diagnosed?
Presence of gamonts in the _neutrophil_ granulocytes or _monocytes_
198
Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont inside neutrophil
199
Hepatozoonosis of dog: Life cycle
200
Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont ## Footnote *Spleen smear*
201
Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamont ## Footnote *Spleen smear*
202
Hepatozoonosis of dog: Gamonts
203
When examining for babesia, you cannot be sure of a diagnosis if the RBC contains...
Only _one_ white speck - 2 are needed to be sure
204
When sampling *babesia*, where in the sample would they be found in: 1. Smear 2. Centrifuged blood sample
1. Smear: At the end of the smear 2. Blood sample: Buffy coat layer
205
Babesia in peripheral blood ## Footnote *Unconfirmed as there is only one white speck in each*
206
*Babesia* in peripheral blood: 2 merozoites in RBCs ## Footnote *Confirmed: As there are 2 white specks present*
207
Babesiosis ## Footnote *Confirmed: As there are 2 specks*
208
Babesia in a RBC
209
Babesiosis: RBCs with 2 merozoites ## Footnote *Confirmed: because there are 2 white specks*
210
Babesiosis in the _spleen_ ## Footnote *Brown appearance*
211
Dog babesiosis: Clinical signs
* Enlarged Ln. * Yellow mucosa * Dark orange urine
212
Babesia canis
213
Theileriosis: Schizogony occurs in...
WBCs & RBCs
214
Theileriosis: Koch's bodies (Macroschizonts)
215
Theleriosis: Merozoites in RBCs
216
Theleriosis: Merozoites in RBCs
217
*Encephalitozoon cuniculi* infection: Tissue reactions caused by _Microsporidia_ ## Footnote *Brain tissue*
218
Encephalitozoonosis: Meronts & schizonts ## Footnote *Brain tissue*
219
Encephalitozoonosis: Meronts & schizonts ## Footnote *Brain tissue*
220
*Encephalitozoon cunuculi* infection: Nephritis & CT proliferation ## Footnote *Kidney tissue*

Parasitology (4 decks)

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