Midterm Quiz Questions

Question 1

According to the conclusion of the first chapter of Religion in American Life, during the colonial period, the five major religious groups in the New World ___.

Answer 1

changed

Question 2

Sublimus Deus (1537) is an example of a _____ source.

Answer 2

primary

Question 3

Which of the eight “constitutively American circumstances” is Peter Williams referring to below?

“Protestant denominations who found themselves in a highly competitive market situation in the nineteenth century after the legal abolition of any religious establishment resorted to the promotional techniques of the emergent economic order in their quest for a maximal ‘market share.’”

Answer 3

Capitalism

Question 4

Of the five significant religious groups of colonial America, which emphasized the idea that salvation was the exclusive gift of sovereign God that could not be earned by human effort?

Answer 4

Protestants

Question 5

Which of the eight “constitutively American circumstances” is Peter Williams referring to below?

“The consequence for religion, naturally, has been the importation of the traditions of every populated continent to these shores as the stuff of out of which America’s religious communities have evolved. The net result has been an ever-changing, de facto pluralism of religions and cultures that make up the American mosaic.”

Answer 5

Immigration

Question 6

The “Huron Carol,” which sought to tell the Christmas story, not only in the language of, but with the cultural and even religious images of Native Americans, is exemplary of the evangelism style of Jesuit missionaries in New ______.

Answer 6

France

Question 7

According to tradition, the Indian _____ had a vision of the Virgin Mary in Guadalupe, Mexico in 1531. The Virgin of Guadalupe has since become an object of devotion and an important Mexican cultural symbol.

Answer 7

Juan Diego

Question 8

____ originally managed a plantation with Indian slaves, but in 1514 he had a change of heart. As a priest, Dominican friar, and missionary he defended the rights and dignity of South American Indians on both sides of the Atlantic and cataloged Spanish abuses of the Indians in his History of the Indies and his Apologetic History.

Answer 8

Bartolome de Las Casas

Question 9

Sublimus Deus by Pope Paul III____ the enslavement of the Indians.

Answer 9

forbade

Question 10

___ told the story of the Pilgrims’ migration, first from England to Holland, then from Holland to Plymouth, Massachusetts, finding signs of God’s providence throughout the whole narrative.

Answer 10

William Bradford

Question 11

The Puritans were _____ in theology.

Answer 11

Calvinist

Question 12

Who is the author of the following quote? “What is your corrupt nature? My corrupt nature is empty of Grace, bent unto sin, and only unto sin, and that continually.”

Answer 12

John Cotton

Question 13

One particularly Puritan form of sermon is called the _____, often preached during a of crisis to decry the community’s sins and warn it to repent or face judgment.

Answer 13

Jeremiad

Question 14

John Kimball claimed that Susanna Martin attacked him through the use of ______.

Answer 14

Demon puppies

Question 15

Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony made a point saying they were ____ the Church of England.

Answer 15

not separating from

Question 16

The Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts in ______.

Answer 16

1620

Question 17

Which of the following was not a belief of the New England Puritans?

Answer 17

God foreknows but does not foreordain who will be saved. People have the freedom to accept or reject God’s grace.

Question 18

In a famous sermon,_____ encouraged the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay to share each others’ concerns and, if necessary, each others’ wealth–to work together, rejoice and suffer together, in order to serve as an example of Christian love to the whole world.

Answer 18

John Winthrop

Question 19

When Wonders of the Invisible World recalls “several testified that the shape of the prisoner did oftentimes very grievously pinch them, choke them, bite them, and afflict them, urging them to write their names in a book…,” it is giving an example of the _____ evidence used in the Salem witch trials.

Answer 19

Spectral

Question 20

Observers of the ____ of 1801 saw worshipers weep uncontrollably, laugh, twitch, run in circles, and even fall to their knees barking like dogs.

Answer 20

Cane Ridge Revival

Question 21

In 1741, the Puritan divine, _____ delivered a famous sermon warning about the dangers of hell, which played a role in launching the First Great Awakening

Answer 21

Jonathan Edwards

Question 22

Which statement below is closest to the actual language of the First Amendment to the US Constitution?

Answer 22

Congress will not establish a religion or prohibit the free exercise of religion.

Question 23

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison supported _____ of religion in Virginia.

Answer 23

Disestablishment

Question 24

Who wrote in a letter (to paraphrase) that he could not believe that three equaled one or one equaled three, even if he beheld the glory of God and heard a voice from heaven telling him it was so?

Answer 24

John Adams

Question 25

Thomas Paine attacked ____ as being not only irrational but immoral.

Answer 25

the Bible itself

Question 26

_____ was the term coined in the 19th century to describe the piety that grew from the revivals of both the First and Second Great Awakenings.

Answer 26

Evangelicalism

Question 27

Which of the following is prohibited by the US Department of Education’s policy on “Religious Expression” at public schools?

Answer 27

School officials announcing and encouraging participation in a religious baccalaureate service

Question 28

Patrick Henry supported _____ of religion in Virginia.

Answer 28

Multiple Establishment

Question 29

Which of the following statements best summarizes Roger Williams' central analogy in his “Letter to the Town of Providence on the Limits of Religious Liberty?"

Answer 29

The captain of the ship represents the civil government, which has the right to preserve the common good, but not to impose religious duties.

Question 30

Seneca Falls was the location of ____.

Answer 30

a women's rights convention of 1848

Question 31

Which of the following is an element on Native American spirituality?

Answer 31

Making exchanges and maintaining balance

Question 32

Scholars of religious studies would call Black Elk a ____, someone who communicates with the spirit world and performs healing rituals.

Answer 32

shaman

Question 33

____ started the Ghost Dance, a religious ritual that combined Native American spirituality with Christian apocalypticism.

Answer 33

Wovoka

Question 34

In contrast to the New England Puritans, the Moravian missionaries of New York and Pennsylvania practiced a/an ____ style of evangelism.

Answer 34

Enculturating

Question 35

Nineteenth century reform movements for education, literacy, temperance, antislavery, etc. were ______.

Answer 35

supported by both evangelicals and liberal religionists

Question 36

New American Indian movements like the Catawba nation practiced ____ combining various tribal rituals with some Christian elements to create a new religion.

Answer 36

syncretism

Question 37

_______, a Shawnee and brother of Tecumseh, was a reforming prophet of the mid-19th century who called for intertribal cooperation, separation between whites and Indians, and a ban on the use of alcohol.

Answer 37

Tenskwatawa

Question 38

Latter Day Saints fondly refer to ____ as “the prophet” who was instructed in a religious vision to retrieve the golden plates that contained the Book of Mormon.

Answer 38

Joseph Smith

Question 39

____, the second prophet president of the Latter-day Saints, famously said “This is the place,” when the Mormon pioneers arrived in Salt Lake City.

Answer 39

Brigham Young

Question 40

Our textbook, Religion in American Life, gives ____ as an example of an immediatist abolitionist.

Answer 40

William Lloyd Garrison

Question 41

Former slave ____ became the first pastor of Bethel Church in Philadelphia and the first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal denomination in 1816.

Answer 41

Richard Allen

Question 42

Our primary source example of a proslavery writer is ____.

Answer 42

George Armstrong

Question 43

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" and "Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho" are examples of ____.

Answer 43

Spirituals

Question 44

According to Francis LeJau, "any desire to free yourself from the duty you owe your master" is ____.

Answer 44

NOT an appropriate reason for a slave to recieve Christian baptism

Question 45

Shamanic religious practitioners, multiple deities, and a natural world infused with spiritual power are characteristic of ___.

Answer 45

African traditional religions and Native American religions

Question 46

Catherine Beecher essentially said ___.

Answer 46

slavery is wrong, but ladies should not get mired in politics

Question 47

Angelina Grimké essentially said ___.

Answer 47

slavery is wrong and women should do something about it

Question 48

The "Invisible Institution refers to ____.

Answer 48

slave churches in the south

Question 49

African American slaves began to convert to Christianity in great numbers ____.

Answer 49

after 1750, through the efforts of Baptists and Methodists

Question 50

____ intended to say this in his closing argument at the Scopes Trial: “A bloody, brutal doctrine—evolution—demands, as the rabble did 1900 years ago, that [Jesus] be crucified. That cannot be the answer of this jury, representing a Christian State and sworn to uphold [its] laws.”

Answer 50

William Jennings Bryan

Question 51

The Princeton theologian _____ argued that liberal Protestants, in their efforts to reconcile Christianity with modern science had really surrendered all that is distinctive about Christianity.

Answer 51

J Gresham Machen

Question 52

Who among Kevin Roose's friends and family were especially worried about his being in the social climate of Liberty University?

Answer 52

His lesbian aunts Tina and Teresa

Question 53

In addition to inventing Cornflakes, John Kellogg was a ___.

Answer 53

Seventh Day Adventist

Question 54

Robert Ingersoll was a prominent American ____.

Answer 54

Agnostic

Question 55

Which idea is Charles Augustus Briggs most associated with in our reading?

Answer 55

Human authorship of the Bible

Question 56

Write two sentences describing one specific example of the culture shock Kevin Roose experienced at Liberty University regarding one of the following issues. Give a page number from the book for the example. 1. Attitudes toward gender and sexuality 2. Attitudes regarding science and other intellectual assumptions 3. Religious expression at church services and among students in the dorm

Answer 56

3. Students showed religious expression frequently, at all hours of the day. In the dorm, they would pray daily or even more often. The leader of Liberty, Rev. Jerry Falwell states that prayer is the key to a successful christian life. page 1

Question 57

Which idea is Charles Darwin most associated with in our reading?

Answer 57

The evolutionary origins of human beings

Question 58

Walter Rauschenbusch was a proponent of the ___, which sought justice for the urban poor through long-term solutions, including supporting labor unions and trying to change laws to provide government regulation of private industry.

Answer 58

Social Gospel

Question 59

Newspaper publisher William Hearst ordered his editors to promote ___especially because of the evangelist’s anti-communism.

Answer 59

Billy Graham

Question 60

Will Herberg wrote in the 1950s that the American"common religion," was ____.

Answer 60

The American Way of Life

Question 61

_____ said, “Our form of government makes no sense unless it is founded on a deeply religious faith, and I don’t care what that faith is.

Answer 61

Dwight Eisenhower

Question 62

“The individual’s insight alone is unable to cope with all the problems of living. It is the guidance of tradition on which we must rely, and whose norms we must learn to interpret and to apply. We must learn not only the ends but also the means by which we realize the ends; not only the general laws but also the particular forms,” is a quote from ____.

Answer 62

Abraham Heschel

Question 63

According to ___, “Nations, as individuals, may be assailed by contradictory temptations. They may be tempted to flee the responsibilities of their power or refuse to develop their potentialities. But they may also refuse to recognize the limits of their possibilities and seek greater power than is given to mortals.

Answer 63

Reinhold Niebuhr

Question 64

In the decade of the ___, Congress added the phrase “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance.

Answer 64

1950s

Question 65

In The Unlikely Disciple, how did professor Ergun Caner encourage Liberty University students to respond to the "blasphemy challenge" made by the atheist group, the Rational Response Squad?

Answer 65

Defend traditional Christian faith on rational grounds.

Question 66

Rabbi Isaac Meyer Wise was an important 19th century leader in the ____ branch of Judaism in the United States

Answer 66

Reform

Question 67

Which of the following best summarizes The Pittsburgh Platform?

Answer 67

Some aspects of Torah, i.e. love of God and neighbor, are eternally valid; other aspects, i.e. dietary regulations, are not valid for modern times.

Question 68

What do the theologies of Joshua Liebman, Fulton Sheen, and Norman Vincent Peale have in common?

Answer 68

They all want people to feel good

Question 69

Write two or three sentences on the following question: How did Kevin Roose, the author of The Unlikely Disciple, spend his spring break from Liberty University, and what did he learn from the experience?

Answer 69

Kevin Roose spent his spring break in FL on a mission trip. Him and his peers were attempting to save the college students and bikers who were having a semi nude drinking festival. Roose learned many things, but he especially learned how devoted his peers were to saving other people.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is closest to Mary Daly’s position?

Answer 70

A genuine religious community of women should separate from Christianity and other traditional religions.

Question 71

Elijah Muhammad, whom the Nation of Islam called a “messenger” of Allah, was a religious leader in the ___ century CE.

Answer 71

20th

Question 72

Which of the following statements is closest to Lynn Japinga’s position?

Answer 72

A theologian should honestly acknowledge that her conclusions are necessarily influenced by her experience.

Question 73

Fill in the blank using Martin Luther King’s exact words: “_____ is a threat to justice everywhere.”

Answer 73

Injustice anywhere

Question 74

Malcolm X’s “second conversion” (around 1964) was ___.

Answer 74

from the Nation of Islam to traditional Islam

Question 75

According to Martin Luther King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," someone who breaks an unjust law as an act of protest should____.

Answer 75

be willing accept the penalty

Question 76

According to Lynn Japinga, the most pressing question facing feminist theologians is____.

Answer 76

Can Christian faith be a positive force in women’s lives when it says so much that is negative about women?

Question 77

Which of the following statements is correct?

Answer 77

The Montgomery bus boycott was in 1955. The Birmingham protest was in 1963.

Question 78

Who was the first ordained woman Rabbi in the United States?

Answer 78

Sally Priesand

Question 79

_____, founder of the Moral Majority and author of Listen America!, was the virtual leader of the political Religious Right in the 1980s.

Answer 79

Jerry Falwell

Question 80

Roe versus Wade was ____.

Answer 80

a Supreme Court decision of 1973 that effectively legalized abortion in the United States

Question 81

According to Randall Balmer, the real original historical catalyst for the Religious Right was____.

Answer 81

a conflict between the federal government and Bob Jones University

Question 82

According to our reading, the Sodom and Gomorrah story is not a good source for ethical decision making about homosexuality because ____.

Answer 82

The story is too indirect. It is not clear that the immorality it condemns is homosexuality.

Question 83

The Religious Right threw their support behind presidential candidate ____in 1980.

Answer 83

Ronald Reagan

Question 84

In our case study, if Shepherd Presbyterian Church were to become a “More Light,” they would ____.

Answer 84

affirm that openly gay people may be ordained to ministry, and therefore be in opposition to the definitive guidance given by the Presbyterian General Assembly.

Question 85

Which of the following is not one of three options presented to the session at Shepherd Presbyterian Church regarding the “More Light” proposal?

Answer 85

Have more coffee

Question 86

Which of the following biblical texts, according to our reading "More Light," is not relevant for understanding the biblical stance on homosexuality?

Answer 86

Genesis 19

Question 87

The election of ____ as president in 1976 represented the return, after some 50 years, of evangelicals to the political process.

Answer 87

Jimmy Carter

Question 88

Tony Campolo, as he was described in Religion in American Life and presented in the documentary, Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory, ____.

Answer 88

shared much of the theology of the Religious Right, but advocated more liberal political positions

Question 89

In paraphrase, ___ said that people misunderstand Islam when they define it as essentially violent.

Answer 89

Council of American Islamic Relations

Question 90

Balmer describes Bill McCartney's ____ as the latest manifestation of muscular Christianity, a series of initiatives to make Christianity more attractive to men.

Answer 90

Promise Keepers

Question 91

Why is Shirley MacLaine mentioned in our textbook?

Answer 91

She is a spokeswoman for the New Age movement.

Question 92

Randall Balmer defined the New Age movement as a ____ of spiritual practices and beliefs.

Answer 92

smorgasbord

Question 93

In our reading, ___ is the view that one particular tradition alone teaches the truth and constitutes the way to salvation.

Answer 93

Exclusivism

Question 94

According to John Hick, when we use the term philosophically, “religious pluralism” refers to____.

Answer 94

a theory that the world’s religions are different conceptions of one divine reality

Question 95

When Barack Obama says, "We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us, and still strive for justice. We can admit the intractability of deprivation, and still strive for dignity. We can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace," he shows the influence of what 20th century theologian, whom we have read, who emphasizes both tragedy of human sin and limitations and the necessity for responsible action.

Answer 95

Reinhold Niebuhr

Question 96

In paraphrase, ___ said that the three world faiths have the potential to be both redemptive and violent.

Answer 96

Richard Rodriguez

Question 97

In paraphrase, ___ said that Islam is an essentially violent religion.

Answer 97

Franklin Graham

Question 98

According to John Hick, when we use the term phenomenonologically, “religious pluralism” refers to ____.

Answer 98

The fact that there are many different religions and many variations within religions