MIDTERMS_WATER AND MINERALS Flashcards by Julia Mikaela Idanan | Brainscape

Q

Percentage of water of newborn infant

A

75% -80%

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Q

Percentage of water of adult male

A

55%- 60%

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Q

Percentage of water of adult female

A

50% - 55%

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Q

give the 7 functions of water

A

Structure – shape & rigidity
Regulate body temperature
Lubricant
Fluid cushion
Removes waste
Solvent
Reactant

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Q

what gives Structure – shape & rigidity?

A

water

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Q

what Regulates body temperature?

A

water

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Q

what acts as a Lubricant?

A

water

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Q

what acts as a Fluid cushion ?

A

water

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Q

what Removes waste?

A

water

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Q

water is a good solvent for?

A

fluoride, zinc and copper

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Q

water acts as a bad solvent in?

A

pesticides and industrial waste

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Q

as a reactant what does water do?

A

Breakdown of polysaccharide

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Q

Adequate Intake (AI) for total water 
For men age 19 to older than 70 years

A

3.7 L/day

includes 3 L as fluids

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Q

Adequate Intake (AI) for total water 
For WOMEN age 19 to older than 70 years

A

2.7 L,

Including 2.2 L from fluids

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Q

give 2 methods of estimating fluid needs by multiplying

A

30 mL/kg body weight

1 mL/cal consumed

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Q

SOLVE using 30ml/kg body weight

70-kg person needs how many mL per day?

A

2100 mL/day.

70 kg X 30 mL/kg =2100 mL/d

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Q

SOLVE using 1 mL/cal consumed

a person consuming 2000 cal/day needs how many mL per day?

A

2000 mL/day.

2000 cal/day x 1 mL/cal =2000 mL/day

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Q

give 1 other method of estimating fluid needs

A

Provide 1500 mL for the first 20 kg of weight and 15 mL/kg for each remaining kg

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Q

Solve using Provide 1500 mL for the first 20 kg of weight and 15 mL/kg for each remaining kg

: A 70-kg person needs how many ml per day?

A

2250 mL/day

1500 mL for the first 20 kg + 15 X 50 remaining kg

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Q

give 7 types of water

A

Ground water
Mineral water
Purified
Sparkling
Spring
Sterile
Well

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Q

percentage of water for Iceberg Lettuce?

A

95 %

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Q

percentage of water for Watermelon?

A

93

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Q

percentage of water for Broccoli?

A

91

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Q

percentage of water for Milk?

A

89

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Q

percentage of water for Yogurt?

A

85

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Q

percentage of water for Chicken breast?

A

65

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Q

percentage of water for Whole wheat bread?

A

38

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Q

percentage of water for Cheddar cheese?

A

37

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Q

percentage of water for egg?

A

75

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Q

cucumbers

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

lettuce

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

strawberries

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

celery

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

yogurt

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

watermelon

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

oatmeal

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

tomatoes

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

cauliflower

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

carrots

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

zucchini

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

grapefruit

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

spinach

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

soup

A

foods are high in water content

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Q

how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day in Men

A

13 cups

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Q

how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day in women

A

9 cups

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Q

how many cups of water for Adequate Intake/ day minimum

A

4 cups

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Q

what states that the water is contaminated

A

(+) lead

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Q

who can contaminated water affect?

A

affect pregnant, infant, child

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Q

if there is fluid deficit what is the indication?

A

dehydration

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Q

what are the causes of fluid volume deficit?

A

o Diarrhea 
o Vomiting 
o High fever
o Stomach or intestinal viral infections
o Influenza
o Diuretics
 o sweating
o Polyuria
o Old

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Q

if the patient has diarrhea, what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

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Q

if the patient is Vomiting , what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient has High fever , what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient has Stomach or intestinal viral infections, what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient has Influenza, what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is taking Diuretics, what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patientis sweating, what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is old, what is the nursing diagnosis?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

what are the signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit?

A

o Infrequent urination 
o Dry mucous/mouth 
o Unusual drowsiness 
o Light headedness 
o Extreme thirst 
o Nausea 
o Slow or rapid breathing 
o Sudden weight loss
o Orthostatic hypotension

Q

if the patient is experiencing Infrequent urination what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Dry mucous/mouth what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Unusual drowsiness what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Light headedness what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Extreme thirst what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Infrequent urination what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Nausea what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Slow or rapid breathing what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

if the patient is experiencing Orthostatic hypotension what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Deficit

Q

give intervention for fluid volume deficit if mild

A

Increase OFI (oral fluid intake)

Q

give intervention for fluid volume deficit if Moderate – severe

A

IV therapy + Increase OFI

Q

give the 3 fluid imbalances

A

Fluid Volume Deficit
Fluid Volume Excess
Water Intoxication

Q

give the 7 causes of fluid volume excess

A

o Kwashiorkor 
o Congestive heart failure 
o Early renal failure 
o IV therapy 
o Excessive SODIUM ingestion 
o Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
o Corticosteroid therapy

Q

if the patient has Kwashiorkor (ascites) , what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient has Congestive heart failure , what is the fluid imbalance??

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient has Early renal failure , what is the fluid imbalance??

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is under IV therapy, what may happen to fluid volume?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient has Excessive SODIUM ingestion , what is the fluid imbalance??

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient has Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) , what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is under Corticosteroid therapy (asthma), what is the fluid imbalance?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

what are the signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess?

A

o Edema > 10% retention 
o Increase Na intake 
o Tachypneic/dyspneic  (effusion)
 o crackles (placental effusion)
o Distended neck and hand veins
o Acute weight gain

Q

ascites

A

retention of water in the peritoneal space

Q

if the patient is experiencing Edema > 10% retention what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is experiencing Increase Na intake what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is experiencing Tachypneic/dyspneic (effusion)what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is experiencing crackles (pleural effusion)what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is experiencing Distended neck and hand veins what does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

if the patient is experiencing Acute weight gainwhat does it indicate?

A

Fluid Volume Excess

Q

give cause of water intoxication

A

exercise–> inom tubig —> perspire –>sodium is excreted –> absence of water control

Q

how to address water intoxication in atlethes?

A

gatorade and pocari sweat

Q

give 2 causes of water intoxication

A

increase H2o in large volume

Excessive exercise >4hrs

Q

what are the sign and symptoms of Water Intoxication

A

o Muscles cramps
o Hypotension
o Weakness

Q

RDA of Major Minerals for 19- 30 years old

A

100mg or more/day

Q

RDA of Trace Minerals for 19- 30 years old

A

Less or = 20mg/day

Q

food sources of minerals in plants

A

o Fruits
o Vegetable
o Legumes
o Whole grains

Q

food sources of minerals in animals

A

o Beef
o Chicken & eggs
o Fish
o Milk products

Q

give the 3 minerals that provide structure to bones and teeth

A

Calcium
phosphorus
magnesium

Q

give the 4 minerals that provide structure to soft tissues

A

Phosphorus
potassium
iron
sulfur

Q

what mineral is the constituent of skin, hair, and nails.

A

Sulfur

Q

what 3 minerals maintain fluid base balance?

A

Sodium,
potassium,
and chloride

Q

what 2 minerals are part of the carbonic acid–bicarbonate system that regulates
blood pH?

A

Sodium hydroxide

sodium bicarbonate

Q

what mineral is involved in buffer systems that regulate kidney tubular fluids?

A

Phosphorus

Q

what minerals are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses?

A

Sodium and potassium

Q

what mineral stimulates muscle contractions

A

Calcium

Q

what 3 minerals stimulate muscle relaxation

A

Sodium, potassium, and magnesium

Q

what mineral is a component od Vitamin B12

A

Cobalt

Q

what mineral is a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes.

A

Magnesium

Q

essential for the production of thyroxine.

A

Iodine

Q

what does Chromium enhances?

A

action of insulin.

Q

give the 4 vitamins focusing on blood health

A

B12
B9
B6
Vitamin k

Q

give the 3 minerals focusing on blood health

A

iron
zinc
copper

Q

give the 3 vitamins focusing on bone health

A

vitamin A, K, D

Q

give the 4 minerals focusing on bone health

A

calcium
phosporus
magnesium
flouride

Q

give the 7 vitamins that are energy yielding

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B12

Q

give the 6 MINERALS that are energy yielding

A

IODINE
CHROMIUM
PHOSPHORUS
SULFUR
IRON 
ZINC

Q

give the 4 MINERALS that FOR fluid and electrolytes

A

sodium
phosphorus
calcium
potassium

Q

in taking fat-soluble vitamins what should you pair it with?

A

oils and fats

Q

some vitamins are thermonutrient, what does this mean?

A

take ground pepper or hot pepper sauce before vitamins

Q

why shoul you intakeMicrogel supplements?

A

because of acidity in stomach it may diminish effectivity of vitamins and minerals. microgels allows you to get nutrients FULLY

Q

in Increasing V+M absorption you should know how medications affect what?

A

nutrient absorption

Q

in Increasing V+M absorption Supercharge your GIT with what?

A

prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes

Q

Tips in Increasing V+M absorption

A

Check the expiration date

8. Store supplements and foods properly

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Zn + Cu

A

contraindication

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Vit k + D + Ca

A

synergy

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Vit A + E

A

synergy

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Fe + Zn + vitamin A

A

synergy

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Ca + Fe

A

contraindication

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

vit c + Fe

A

synergy

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

K + Mg + Ca

A

synergy

Q

identify if contraindication or synergy

Vit C + E

A

synergy