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NCM 105 Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

organic molecules are essential for normal

health and growth and they required in small amounts

A

VITAMINS

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2
Q

Form no structures
• No mass
• Deficiencies/excessive amount can be Dangerous

A

VITAMINS

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3
Q

2 type of Water soluble vitamins

A

Non-B Complex

B-Complex

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4
Q

4 types of fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin E

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5
Q

5 types of energy releasing b-complex vitamins

A 
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
Biotin
Pantothenic Acid
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6
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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7
Q

Vitamin b2

A

Riboflavin

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8
Q

Vitamin b3

A

niacin

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9
Q

2 types of hematopoietic b-complex vitamins

A

Folic Acid

Vitamin b12

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10
Q

other types of b-complex vitamins

A 
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
pyridoxal
pyridoxamine
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11
Q

insufficiency of one or more essential

vitamins

A

HYPOVITAMINOSIS

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12
Q

a condition of abnormally high

storage levels of vitamins which can lead to toxic symptoms

A

HYPERVITAMINOSIS

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13
Q

Vitamin A is also called?

A

: Retinol B-carotene

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14
Q

RDA of Vitamin A in men?

A

900 μg/day

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15
Q

RDA of Vitamin A in Women:

A

700 μg/day

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16
Q

what is the 2 functions of Vitamin A?

A

oA – ura (Rhodopsin)

oA – ctivation - Of epithelial cells to maintain skin,
membranes, hair, gums, and glands health

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17
Q

6 deficiencies of Vitamin A?

A

o Nyctalopia

o Xeropthalmia

o Blindness

o Hyperkeratosis

o anorexia

oDecreased mucous secretion of the stomach &
intestines → diarrhea, increased secretion of nutrients

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18
Q

1st sign Slow recovery of vision after flashing of

bright light at night

A

o Nyctalopia

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19
Q

Decreased saliva secretion

A

anorexia

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20
Q

Food Sources of Retinol

A 
o Beef o liver
o milk
o butter
o cheese o cream
o egg yolk
o fortified milk
o margarine
o ready-to-eat cereals
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21
Q

beef contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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22
Q

liver contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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23
Q

milk contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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24
Q

butter contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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25
Q

cheese contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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26
Q

cream contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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27
Q

egg yolk contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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28
Q

fortified milk contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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29
Q

margarine contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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30
Q

ready-to-eat cereals contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Retinol

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31
Q

Food Sources of Beta-carotene:

A 
o greens” (turnip, dandelion, beet, collard, 
mustard), 
o spinach
o kale
o broccoli
o carrots
o peaches
o pumpkin
o red peppers
o sweet potatoes
o winter squash o mango
o apricots
o cantaloupe
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32
Q

greens” (turnip, dandelion, beet, collard,
mustard), contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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33
Q

spinach contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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34
Q

kale contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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35
Q

carrots broccoli contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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36
Q

peaches contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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37
Q

pumpkin contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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38
Q

red peppers contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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39
Q

sweet potatoes contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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40
Q

winter squash contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

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41
Q

mango contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

42
Q

apricots contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

43
Q

cantaloupe contains:

retinol?
beta-carotene?

A

Beta-carotene

44
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

Absorption

A

Directly into the blood

45
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

transport

A

travel freely

46
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

storage

A

circulate freely in water filled parts of the body

47
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

excretion

A

kidneys detect and remove excess in urine

48
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

toxicity

A

possible to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

49
Q

water-soluble vitamins: B Vitamins and VItamin C

requirements

A

needed in frequent doses (1 to 3 days)

50
Q

vitamin d and vitamin c supplements

A

should eat 30 minutes before breakfast

51
Q

the best time to take fat soluble vitamins

A

with meals and at night

kasi relaxed ka na dito eh kaya absorption ay optimal lahat naka focus na sa GI tract

52
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

Absorption

A

1st into the lymph, then the blood

53
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

transport

A

many require protein carriers

54
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

storage

A

cells associated with fat

55
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

excretion

A

less readily excreted

tend to remain in fat storage sites

56
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

toxicity

A

likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements

57
Q

fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A D E K

Requirements

A

periodic doses

weeks or months

58
Q

can not see in dark places

A

Xeropthalmia

59
Q

eye problems

A

vitamin A

60
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

hyperpigmentation of skin

61
Q

lack of appetite

A

vitamin a deficiency

62
Q

malabsorption

A

vitamin a deficiency

63
Q

RDA: Vitamin D

Adult RDA: Up to age 70 years

A

: 15 μg/day;

64
Q

RDA: Vitamin D

> 71 years

A

20 μg/day

65
Q

sunshine vitamin

A

Vitamin D

66
Q

function of vitamin d

A

absorb calcium and phosphurus

67
Q

Vitamin D Maintains serum calcium concentrations by

A

▪ Stimulating GI absorption

▪ Stimulating the release of calcium from the bones

▪ Stimulating calcium absorption from the kidneys

68
Q

bone health

A

calcium

69
Q

Young Rickets (meaning: twist)

pediatric patients

A

vitamin d deficiency

70
Q

Adult Osteomalacia “adult rickets”

A

vitamin d deficiency

71
Q

Osteoporosis (porous bones)

A

vitamin d deficiency

72
Q

vitamin D Food Source

A 
o Cod liver oil
o Oysters
o Mackerel and most fish
o egg yolks
o fortified milk
o some ready-to-eat cereals 
o margarine
73
Q

• Other Source of vitamin d

A

o Sunlight on the skin

74
Q

Most toxic when overdose

vitamin D

A

Hypercalcemia

75
Q

Most toxic when overdose

vitamin D

A

Calcification of heart and vessels and
nephrons

naninigas

76
Q

Vitamin E:

• RDA:

A

Adult RDA: 15 mg/day

77
Q

Tocopherols

A

Vitamin E:

78
Q

o Acts as an antioxidant to protect vitamin A and

polyunsaturated fatty acids from being destroyed

A

Vitamin E:

79
Q

o Protects cell membranes

A

Vitamin E:

80
Q

o Plays a role in aging, sexual performance

A

Vitamin E:

81
Q

Prevention of cancer and/or heart disease

A

Vitamin E:

82
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

Vitamin E defeciency

83
Q

o Sterility: reproductive failure

A

Vitamin E deficiency

84
Q

Abortion

A

Vitamin E defeciency

85
Q

• Food Source Vitamin E

A

o Vegetable oils

o margarine

o salad dressing

o other foods made with vegetable oil

o nuts, seeds

o wheat germ

o dark green
vegetables

o whole grains

o fortified cereals

86
Q

vitamin e toxicity

A

Relatively non-toxic

87
Q

what happens when u intake vitamin e in high doses

A

enhance action

of anticoagulant medications

88
Q

Vitamin K RDA

Adult AI: Men:

A

120 μg

89
Q

Vitamin K Women:

A

90 μg

90
Q

o The only fat soluble vitamin with a specific

coenzyme function.

A

Vitamin K

91
Q

o Essential for clotting of blood.

A

Vitamin K

92
Q

antihemorrhagic vitamin

A

Vitamin K

93
Q

o Regulates blood calcium Named as

antihemorrhagic vitamin

A

Vitamin K

94
Q

Hemorrhaging

A

vitamin k defefiency

95
Q

Toxicity of vitamin k

A

No symptoms have been observed from

excessive intake of vitamin K

96
Q

Food Source vitamin k

A 
o Brussels sprouts
o Broccoli
o Cauliflower
o Swiss chard
o Spinach
o loose leaf lettuce carrots,
o green beans
o asparagus
o eggs
97
Q

Only four vitamins out of the nine water-soluble can cause

toxicity

A
  1. Niacin (B3)
  2. Pyridoxine B6
  3. Folate (B9)
  4. vitamin C
98
Q

what is xeropthalmia

A

dryness of the cornea and conjuctiva of the eye

ridges and inflammation

99
Q

what is hyperkeratosis

A

A condition marked by thickening of the outer layer of the skin, which is made of keratin

100
Q

what is hemolytic anemia

A

disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.

101
Q

what is hypercalcemia

A

calcification of heart, vessels and nephrons

102
Q

vitamin e is also known as

A

antihemorragic vitamin

NCM 105 Nutrition (7 decks)

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