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NCM 105 Nutrition > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of C, H, O, and N.

A

PROTEINS

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2
Q

Basic building block of proteins

A

AMINO ACIDS

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3
Q

End product of protein digestion

A

AMINO ACIDS

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4
Q

before being absorbed in the body, proteins must be?

A

broken down into amino

acids before it is absorbed by the body.

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5
Q

In adult, what is the total percentage of protein in body weight?

A

20% of total body weight.

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6
Q

how many proteins should be total calories per meal?

A

10% - 35% of total calories per meal

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7
Q

Major structural and functional components of every living cell.

A

PROTEINS

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8
Q

Every tissue and fluid in the body contains some protein except?

A

bile and urine.

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9
Q

Basic building blocks of protein and end product of protein digestion.

A

AMINO ACIDS

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10
Q

how many Amino Acids do we have?

A

20 Amino Acids

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11
Q

what amino acid does body cannot make

them so they must be supplied through diet.?

A

9 essential or indispensable –

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12
Q

what amino acid in which cells make
them as needed through the process of
transamination.

A

11 nonessential or dispensable

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13
Q

– found in milk; helps an individual sleep at night.

A

Tryptophan

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14
Q

amino acids for nerve cells

A

Histidine

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15
Q

amino acids that are adrenaline-like, vasoconstricts; helps in CNS

A

Phenylalanine

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16
Q

9 Essential or Indispensable

A 
Histidine 
Isoleucine 
Leucine 
Lysine
Methionine 
Phenylalanine 
Threonine 
Tryptophan 
Valine
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17
Q

FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

A
  1. Body structure and framework
  2. Enzymes
  3. Other body secretions and fluids
  4. Fluid balance
  5. Acid – base balance
  6. Transport molecules.
  7. Other Compounds
  8. Some amino acids have specific functions within the body.
  9. Fueling the body.
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18
Q

how many amino acids are found in skeletal muscle?

A

40%

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19
Q

how many amino acids are found in skin and blood?

A

15%

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20
Q

Protein that facilitate what?

A

specific chemical reactions in the

body without changing themselves.

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21
Q

give example of enzymes break down larger molecules into smaller ones.

A

Eg. Digestive Enzymes

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22
Q

give example of enzymes that combine molecules to form larger compounds.

A

Enzymes involved in protein synthesis in which

amino acids are combined.

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23
Q

Amino acids also make:

A 
o Neurotransmitters
                    §  Serotonin – responsible for moods. 
                   § Acetylcholine –– related to 
                    parasympathetic NS.
                                • Contracts smooth muscle. 
o Antibodies 
o Some hormones 
            § Insulin
            § Thyroxine
            § Epinephrine – adrenaline 
o Breast milk
o Mucus 
o Sperm 
o Histamine
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24
Q

what maintain the proper balance of fluid among the
intravascular, intracellular, and interstitial
compartments of the body?

A

Albumin

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25
Q

how can enzymes Help to regulate fluid balance?

A

because they attract water =creates and maintains osmotic pressure.

26
Q

A symptom of low albumin level

A

EDEMA.

27
Q

Amino acids contain both an acid (COOH) and a base (NH2).

why is this important in acid-case balance?

A

can act as acid or bases depending on the pH of the
surrounding fluid.

  • The ability to buffer or neutralize excess acids and bases enables proteins to maintain normal blood pH.
28
Q

transports fats, cholesterol and

fat-soluble vitamins.

A

Lipoproteins

29
Q

transport oxygen

A

Hemoglobin –

30
Q

transports free fatty acids and many

drugs.

A

Albumin

31
Q

light-sensitive visual pigment in the eye.

A

Opsin

32
Q

protein necessary for normal

blood clotting.

A

Thrombin

33
Q

precursor of niacin; component of

serotonin.

A

Tryptophan

34
Q

precursor of melanin.

A

Tyrosine

35
Q

Protein provides how many calories per gram?

A

4 cal/g.

36
Q

protein is a

source of energy when it is ?

A

consumed in excess

when calorie intake from carbohydrates and fat is inadequate

37
Q

Reflects the state of balance between protein breakdown (catabolism) and protein synthesis (anabolism).

A

NITROGEN BALANCE

38
Q

protein breakdown

A

catabolism

39
Q

protein synthesis

A

anabolism

40
Q

results is (+) – Synthesis > breakdown

meaning?

A

Making of proteins is greater than

breakdown.

41
Q

give examples of when protein synthesis occurs or anabolism increases?

A

Growth,
pregnancy,
recovery from injury.

42
Q

give examples of when protein breakdown or catabolism occurs

A

Starvation or the catabolic phase after

injury.

43
Q

PROTEIN CONTENT OF MY PLATE: Grains=3 g protein per 1 oz equivalent such as:

A
  • 1 slice bread
  • 1 cup ready to eat cereal.
  • ½ cup cooked rice, cereal, pasta.
44
Q

PROTEIN CONTENT OF MY PLATE: Vegetables

A

2 g protein per ½ cup

45
Q

PROTEIN CONTENT OF MY PLATE: Dairy

A

8 gr protein per 1 cup milk or yogurt

46
Q

PROTEIN CONTENT OF MY PLATE: Protein Foods

A 
7 g protein per 1 oz lean meat, fish, or poultry. 
• 1 egg 
• 1 tbsp peanut butter 
• ¼ cup tempeh 
• ½ cup tofu
47
Q

PROTEIN CONTENT OF MY PLATE: Physical Activity

A 
30 mins (most days), 
60 mins (prevent weight gain); 
60 – 90 mins (sustain weight loss).
48
Q

Meat

A

Complete/ High

quality protein

49
Q

Black beans + rice

A

2 complementary plant

proteins

50
Q

Grains

A

Incomplete/
Lower quality
protein
(limiting)

51
Q

Poultry

A

Complete/ High

quality protein

52
Q

Vegetables

A

Incomplete/
Lower quality
protein
(limiting)

53
Q

Bean tacos

A

2 complementary plant

proteins

54
Q

Seafoods

A

Complete/ High

quality protein

55
Q

Dried peas and

beans

A

Incomplete/
Lower quality
protein
(limiting)

56
Q

Pea soup with toast

A

2 complementary plant

proteins

57
Q

Milk/yogurt/cheese

A

Complete/ High

quality protein

58
Q

Nuts

A

Incomplete/
Lower quality
protein
(limiting)

59
Q

Lentil and rice curry

A

2 complementary plant

proteins

60
Q

Soybeans and soybean

products (only plant)

A

Complete/ High

quality protein

61
Q

Gelatin Peanut butter sandwich.

A

Incomplete/
Lower quality
protein
(limiting)

NCM 105 Nutrition (7 decks)

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