Migration 1 Flashcards by Chloe Metson

What’s migration

Movement across a specified boundary to establish a new permanent place of residence

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What’s interregional migration

Different continent

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What’s intraregional migration

same continent

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What’s national migration

Within a country

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What’s international migration

Different countries

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What’s temporal

Change / time

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What’s spatial

Change / space

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What’s the top global migration 21st cent (2)

Europe —> Europe
Asia —> Europe

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Top bilateral migration corridor

Mexico —> USA

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Highest migration stock

Australia

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Lowest migration stock

Cuba

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Top source country

India

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Top host country

USA

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Net migration patterns in Uk and why

Brexit dip - negative message that we don’t like other eu countries, now need visa

Emigration stable since 2005 - free healthcare, education, good jobs

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Net migration patterns in Europe and why

Poor countries eg Moldova have high emigration - poor sanitation and bad wages

Countries at war = high emigration - becoming refugees, fleeing for safety

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Net migration patterns worldwide and why

Most of Africa have negative migration - poor sanity, no tourist attractions, diseases

Most of Europe and North America have positive migration - good job opportunities, eu don’t need visa

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How many international migrants and what’s the % compared to world pop

272 million

3.5% of the world population

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What the does the lee model contain

Pull factors
Intervening obsitcles
Push factors

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What’s the 1. Reason for migration and the stat

Employment

Nearly 1/5 domestic workers is an international migrant

What’s the 2. Reason for migration and stat

Seeking better life - USA is 18th in the world happiness ranking

What’s the 3. Reason for migration and stat

Conflict - end of 2016 ther was 22.5 million refugees

What’s the 4. Reason for migration and stat

Environmental - 118 countries accepting environmental migrants

What’s the 5. Reason for migrants and the stat

Education - top destinations are UK and USA

UK CASE STUDY

where do most English people migrate to and what are the 4 reasons

Australia

weather and climate
chain migration
jobs
English speaking

UK CASE STUDY what are the main reasons for people migrating to the Uk

- Jobs/ economy / wages - Quality of life eg: healthcare and education - political alliances

Top sender countries to the Uk and why (4)

Ireland - religious conflicts Poland - higher wages India - jobs Italy - jobs

UK CASE STUDY 3 statistics/ key facts

- Close to 1/10 British people live abroad - main types of Uk migrants are economic and retirement - in 2017 1.2 million brits were living in other EU countries

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY Where does this take place

Africa - Europe

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY What’s the Dublin regulation

The first eu country refugees step foot on, must process them and find out if they are rlly refugees or if they are economic migrants, and decide whether to let them in

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY Main countries of origin ( 5 )

Morocco Algeria Tunisia Lybia Egypt

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY Main destination countries ( 5 )

Portugal Spain Italy Greece Lampedusa

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY Importance of Lampedusa

Halfway between Libya and Italy

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY What are the 3 migration routes and examples of countries

Western = Morocco —> Spain Central = Algeria —> Italy Eastern = Egypt —> Greece

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY What sea is involved and why

Mediterranean sea - most people survive but some people die from I’ll was and drowning

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY What’s frontex

Eu border management agency

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY Migration statistics

Tunisia = 470 men and 22 women Men are seen as the earners so they leave in order to find money to send remittances back home

INTER REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY 4 causes of migration

1. V high fertility rate due to bad education and contraception = no jobs and food * Niger * 2. Climate change, lack of farming and food * Nigeria * 3. Conflict such as threats from terror is groups * Al-quada * 4. *Etria* ranked 1st for fear of crime, minimum wage in Uk is 55 times higher

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY how many migrants from eu to uk

1.5 million

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY How did the EU start

- 5 countries starting trade group called eu coal and steel trade - UK denied offer to join and ended up begging to join years later - expansion in 2006 - left in 2020 due to not liking Schengen

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY What’s Schengen

Where in the eu it’s borderless - no need for visas, free movement

INTRA REGIONAL MIGRATION CASE STUDY 3 opportunities created for migration to the UK

- Brought better skilled people, 12.5% higher skilled then native workers - eu workers paying £2300 more in tax then Uk citizen compared to benefits they receive - more farming, eu migrants willing to work longer hours

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT What economic factors can be affected by migration

Can promote stability in host = taxes, more workers, spend money Can promote stability in origin= people can send remittances Can be bad for origin = loss of skilled workers

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT What is this relationship called

2 way relationship

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT What are the 4 indicators of HDI

- life expectancy - expected years of schooling - mean years of schooling - GNI per capita

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The pattern of hdi and examples

- high HDI in northern countries - Low HDI in southern countries E.g. chad - poor education Madagascar - poor sanitation Hati - injustice

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION = SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT How do remittances link

High remittances indicate high emigrants and a low gdp