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History Paper 2 > Migration 1558 - 1706 > Flashcards

Migration 1558 - 1706 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did England loose their last part of France

A

1558
Turned to finding new land

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2
Q

Newfoundland

A

1496
John Cabot tasked by Henry VIII to find new lands
In Canada
They couldn’t prosper of the land (no silver or gold)
The crew became sick so returned home
Over time English settlers moved to live there

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3
Q

Greenland

A

1586
John Davis believed he could reach the Pacific Ocean through the arctic
Elizabeth funded 3 expeditions 1583-1586
He sailed further north than any British sailor had
Learnt dances and instalments from the Eskimos
Had to return due to harsh weather and ice

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4
Q

Guiana

A

1595
Stories about el dorado
Elizabeth sent Walter Raleigh to Guiana
In his exploration books he wrote of el dorado located far up an isolated river

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5
Q

Barbados

A

1625
In the Caribbean expensive crops like Tobacco and sugar could be grown
Sir William Courteen (merchant) explored the uninhabited islands of Barbados and the Cayman Islands
Soon there were hundreds of English settlers seeking to make a fortune through Caribbean farming

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6
Q

Famous explorers - Christopher Columbus

A

1492 he sailed across the Atlantic hoping to find a new route to India and China (working for the Spanish)
He found the “west indies” (americas)

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7
Q

Famous explorers/sailors - John Hawkins

A

His father William sailed in trading expeditions to west Africa in the 1530s
First voyages to the Spanish Canary Islands
Became responsible for building the Royal Navy
Narrowly escaped a battle with the Spanish at San Juan de Ulua
Became the father of the slave trade

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8
Q

Famous explorers - John Dee

A

1558 - became an advisor to queen Elizabeth
1577 - wrote a book on the “Arte of navigation” which encouraged exploration
Francis drake visited him at his scientific library in mortlake

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9
Q

Spanish monopoly 🧐

A

All tradable cargo was registered in Seville where authorities took a portion of the goods
This increased the worth of traded goods

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10
Q

Why did the English turn to piracy

A

Found land failed to make them rich

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11
Q

Privateers

A

Has permission done the monarch and had to share stolen proceeds with them

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12
Q

Pirates

A

Had no permission to steal and kept all proceeds

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13
Q

What percent of Spanish ships were captured at sea

A

10-15%

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14
Q

Famous privateers - Henry Morgan

A

1664 - plunders the rich Spanish town Granada in America
1668 - conquered cities of puerto principe and puerto bello for a huge gold reward
1670 - plundered and destroyed Panama

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15
Q

Famous privateers - Francis drake

A

1572 - attacked a port in Panama
1573 - captured a Spanish ship full of silver
1577 - circumnavigation
Explored areas of America he discovered

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16
Q

Famous privateers - Christopher myngs

A

Defended port royal against Spanish raiders
1658 - invaded Tolu in Columbia and Caro in Venezuela and captured their treasure
1662 - attacked Spanish colonies despite a truce

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17
Q

Famous privateers - John Hawkins

A

1562 - stole 300 slaves and sold them for riches in Santa dominico
Commanded privateers 3 times in the Caribbean
1564 - ransomed Spanish towns to get them to trade with him

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18
Q

What did Walter Raleigh do when he was 15

A

Fought for the Protestant Huguenots in France

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19
Q

When was Walter Raleigh knighted

A

1585

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20
Q

What did Raleigh do in Ireland

A

He fought against the Catholics when the rebelled
He received Irish land in return

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21
Q

When did Raleigh study in oriel collage in Oxford

A

1572

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22
Q

When and why did Raleigh set up colonies in Virginia

A

1584
As a base for Spanish attacks

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23
Q

Why did Raleigh’s original settlements fail

A

Short on supplies
Struggled to grow crops
Attacked by natives
Caught diseases like malaria

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24
Q

When did Raleigh marry without the queens permission and imprisoned

A

1591

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25
When was Raleigh released to discover El dorado
1595
26
When did Raleigh spend 12 years in the tower for plotting against James I
1603
27
What did Raleigh write while in prison
“The history of the world”
28
When was Raleigh executed after his expeditions to el dorado fail
1618
29
American colonies - New Hampshire
1623 John mason wanted a place for fishing, died before it was finished Originally a part of Massachusetts Lots of wars between colonists and natives Economic resources
30
American colonies - Virginia
1607 (og in 1584) Aimed as a base to attack the Spanish Good land and great wealth opportunities von tobacco crops Common battles between English and natives Basis for Pocahontas Economic resources
31
American colonies - Massachusetts
1630 King Charles I began to punish puritans They set up colonies to be free to practice their religion Pilgrim fathers Led by John Winthrop and Thomas Dudley Religion
32
American colonies - Rhode Island
1636 Trouble makers exiled from Massachusetts came here for religious freedom Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson Religion
33
American colonies - New York
1664 Gift from Charles II to James (duke of York) to show his wealth and power Originally was Dutch and called new Netherlands, Charles gained possession through a series of wars Government
34
American colonies - New Jersey
1664 Duke of York gave it to Lord Berkeley and sir George Carteret as a gift People were promised prosperity to live there Eventually taken over by Quaker Christian’s Government
35
Triangular slave trade
Europeans traded pots/pans/guns/alcohol for slaves in Africa Europeans traded slaves for tobacco/sugar/cotton in America Hugely profitable for Europeans
36
Between 1690-1776 how many slaves were traded
6 million
37
Economic reasons for the slave trade
Slaves were used on American plantations where the owners made a lot of money from not paying wages Slaves could be brought for $1200 each, traders made a lot of money The slave trade was worth $20 million a year in Britain Cotton and sugar traders became very rich Many buildings in Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol were built on slavery profits (Liverpool town hall)
38
Government reasons for the slave trade
Many MPs and King James II were involved in the slave trade
39
Religious reasons for the slave trade
Some people thought God approved of the slave trade
40
Racist reasons for the slave trade
White people thought they were superior to black people and they were dangerous and lazy
41
When was the st Bartholomews day massacre (Huguenots)
August 1572 Tens of thousands killed
42
How many Huguenots settled in Britain
50,000
43
Economic pull factors of Huguenots to Britain
Queen Elizabeth’s ministers invited skilled Huguenot craftsmen to work in England and teach English apprentices their skills Britain became the first industrialised nation, so skilled huguenots became wealthier William III believed Huguenots skills supported Britain’s economy
44
Religious pull factors of Huguenots to Britain
In the 1530s Henry VIII “broke from rome” when he made England’s official religion Protestantism Edvard VI welcomed Huguenots by allowing the first French church to be set up
45
Warfare pull factors of Huguenots to Britain
William III believed they could help win their war against France
46
Religion push factors of Huguenots from France
France experianced religious wars from the 1560s - 1590s the ruling Catholics persecuted the Protestants In the 1680s Protestants were officially branded heretics, ministers were given the choice of converting or emigrating In the 1680s king Louis XIV decided huguenots were a threat to his power if they remained in France 3,000 Protestants were killed in Paris and 70,000 across France in the St Bartholomews day masssacre
47
Short term impact of Huguenots on Britain
Started up new industries like paper making (which had previously relied on French imports) By the 1710s there were 200 paper mills in Britain that supplied 70% of Britain’s paper market France lost many talented craftsman, it’s glassware and hat making industries were lost Huguenots revitalised British industries like watch making, gun making, bookbinding Some British felt they took jobs away from the British and brought diseases
48
Long term impact of Huguenots on Britain
British banknotes were printed by Huguenot businesses from 1712 onward and used for over 250 years Huguenots changed their surnames to sound English “blanc” became “white” Weavers, merchants, joiners established new businesses in London, Plymouth, Rochester, Norwich, Canterbury
49
Reasons for the Ulster plantations
During 1500s - 1600s Tudors and Stuart’s began extending their power into Ireland They wanted to convert the catholic population to Protestantism so Ireland would be less likely a potential base for French or Spanish invasions The most independent Irish lived in Ulster in the north - Gaelic culture and proudly catholic British soliders captured catholic chieftain lands and gave it to British nobels The first areas of Munster and Laois-Offaly were taken over in the 1570s
50
Where were Ulster plantations focused
Key military and religious buildings
51
Who planned the Ulster plantations
James I
52
Where were Ulster plantation settlers from
Half from Scotland and half from England James was the first king of both Let him reward loyal Scot’s
53
What were the 6 counties planted in the Ulster plantations
Donegal Londonerry Tyrone Fermanagh Caran Armagh
54
How much land would the settlers receive in the Ulster plantations
3000 acres “Undertakers”
55
By what year were the Ulster plantations established
1609
56
How did Ulster plantations increase Protestantism in Ireland
Settlers Brought over British Protestant workers to work their land, increased Protestant population
57
By 1622 how many British Protestants were in Ireland
6,402
58
What happened to native Irish during the plantations
They were forced to live in areas of poor land Used as cheap workforce
59
When did Catholics in Ulster rebel
October 1641
60
How many British Protestants were killed in the Ulster rebellion
4,000 8,000 expelled from country
61
When did the Scottish government send soldiers to stop the Ulster rebels
1642 10,000 soldiers
62
When did the English begin to send soldiers to deal with the Ulster rebellion
1649
63
When was Ireland recovered from the Ulster rebellion
1653 The fighting eliminated the last major catholic landowners
64
Why did less people migrate to Ireland after the rebellion
Most went to American colonies instead
65
When was the poor Scottish harvest when many moved to Ireland
1690s This was when the Protestant population surpassed the Catholics
66
What percent of British population in Ireland did Scot’s make up
60%
67
Effect of the plantations in Ulster
Caused separation of Ireland in 1921 (northern Protestants in Ulster wanted to remain British) Considered beginning of hate between Catholics and Protestants Many North Ireland families consider themselves British NI accent is influenced by Scottish settlers “Gun” “courting” come from English settlers

History Paper 2 (7 decks)

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