Migration 1750 - 1939 Flashcards

Question

What periods was Robert Clive in India

Answer 1

1755-1760 1765-1767

Answer 2

1757 Start of EIC rule in India Led by Robert Clive Warren Hastings fought Defeated Siraj Ud-Doulah Nauat of Bengal as a part of a 7 years war

Answer 3

Secured concession from the Munghal Emperor Shah Alan II in the treaty of Allah bad Divani - the right to collect tax in bengal

Answer 4

1744 as an office clerk in madras

Answer 5

Win the siege of arcot Was a Blow to the French and India’s

Answer 6

Came home to Britain to pay to become a member of parliament

Answer 7

Became governor-general of all British business in India

Answer 8

Governor of bengal

Answer 9

Anti-corruption laws

Answer 10

Muslim school Madrasa Aliva in Calcutta

Answer 11

Studies of Indian language and culture

Answer 12

1760s Due to disagreements over the harsh punishment of Indians

Answer 13

Indian troops in the EIC army

Answer 14

British felt superior to the natives Queen Victoria said the aim of the British empire was to “protect the poor natives and advance civilisation”

Answer 15

EIC demanded high taxes (economic oppression) Sepoys had less chance of promotion, less wages, and were more often sent on dangerous missions

Answer 16

Accused of using violence and torture to control the population Dissenters would be hanged A commission in Madras was set up to investigate this, but during these 3 months people with complaints about the British were not allowed to leave their homes Sepoys were forced to fight against fellow Indians

Answer 17

EIC tried to abolish ancient Hindu customs and social class conventions Sime Indians felt pressured to convert to Christianity (people who converted would be given property) There were rumours among “holy men” that the EICs rule would end after 100 years The Lee Enfield Rifles were introduced to the army - to load it the soldiers had to bite a cartridge lubricated with beef and pork fat This offended Muslims and Hindus so they refused to use the rifle

Answer 18

1 April 1857 85 refused

Answer 19

They were sent to prison, shackled and stripped in front of 4,000 other sepoys

Answer 20

Began shooting British citizens Battles fought at Delhi, Cawnpore, Lucknow

Answer 21

August 1857 70,000

Answer 22

They were captured and sewn into pig skins At Sati Chaura ghat 300 sepoys were hung from a tree

Answer 23

8 July 1858 Politicians were shaken by the rebellion EIC was abolished Indians gained more equality Viceroy became a representation of Queen Victoria in charge of India

Answer 24

Britain and India grew rich from trading opportunities British building projects cost India huge amounts In the mid 1800s the tea trade was worth £30 million a year Created jobs for Britons and Indians Introduced irrigation programs that increased farming land by 800%

Answer 25

Built 30,000km of railways 130,000 bridges Connected the country so goods could be easily traded British investment in India was £400 million by 1914 Built canals, roads, factories, mines, farms The Indian railway employed 1.6 million in 2017

Answer 26

The British brought diseases Indians had no immunity to Introduced vaccines for malaria and small pox Improves sewage systems, water supplies, hospitals Life expectancy increased In the late 1800s there was a famine that starved millions - blamed British since farmland was used for exported goods

Answer 27

Indian words introduced into English - bungalow, bangle, shampoo, pyjamas Established a similar legal system High courts in Madras, Calcutta and Bombay Hindu and Muslim judges ensured the British didn’t forget about their legal traditions Built thousands of schools and colleges Learning of the English language spread People were educated in science, humanities, literature Indians were encouraged in education Many were allowed to train as lawyers in Britain

Answer 28

Indians could work for the Indian civil service Indian National congress was created to help govern

Answer 29

Originally only interested in it as a source of slaves Unsuitable due to large distances and malaria dangers

Answer 30

Explorers and missionaries like David living-stone brought back tales of African gold, diamonds, ivory and “cash crops” Steamships (1802) and railways (1811) were developed, making travel easier Quinine (1850) was a medication used against malaria New machine maxim gun made killing natives easier

Answer 31

Between 1800 and 1900 European countries raced for Africa By 1900 Britain had claimed 32% of Africa

Answer 32

African colonies helped British traders stop and re supply when travelling to India Cash crops made a lot of money for the British Raw materials from Africa were in high demand African trade made Britain more dominant in Europe

Answer 33

Natives could be made to work in the army Britain wanted land to rival Germany which seemed to be gaining land and preparing for war Ruling large areas made it easier for Britain to win wars

Answer 34

Christian missionaries like Mary Slessor felt it was their duty to convert Africans to Christianity They also set up religious hospitals and schools

Answer 35

The British PM (Lord Rosebery) felt it was their duty to make the world English speaking Britain became more demographic in the 1800s, the majority of Britons favoured making colonies

Answer 36

Charles Darwin’s idea of survival of the fittest make Britons feel they were superior to “primitive” Africans and felt they had a right to their land

Answer 37

“Great empire builder” Expanded the British empire in Africa

Answer 38

Went to cape colony to work with his brother in gold and diamonds mines (made his fortune)

Answer 39

Studied for a business degree at oriel college Oxford

Answer 40

De Beers consolidated mines He merged small diamond lines until he owned the most in South Africa

Answer 41

Made laws that restricted black Africans so they had to work for the British and lost the right to vote Racist political views Dragged Britain into the Boer wars to gain rights to gold and diamond mines controlled by Dutch settlers Alienated African culture and was oppressive 2015 - campaignes to remove statues of him from Cape Town and Oxford uni due to his reputation as a brutal imperialist

Answer 42

Gave Southern Africa stability, wealth, and continental influence Funded 83 poor students to go to college The nations of Zimbabwe and Zambia were named “Rhodesia” after him for nearly 100 years until 1965 and 1980 respectively

Answer 43

Descendants of Dutch farmers in South Africa Comes from the Dutch word meaning to farm Resented the British since English was the official language of Africa and they ended slavery that was useful on their farms

Answer 44

The great Trek Resettlement plan that moved they to Transvaal and left Britain their land

Answer 45

Huge gold deposits were discovered in Transvaal The British government tried to convince the Boers to unite territory, they refused Thousands of British workers flooded the areas without political rights 1895 - Cecil Rhodes tried to overthrow Boer president Paul Knger, failed Boer policeman shot an unarmed British miner and was found not guilty British sent a petition to Queen Victoria demanding action

Answer 46

Older rifles 250,000 soldiers Calvary warfare Introduced concentration camps Khaki uniforms Trained Unfamiliar territory Used scabres and lances for weapons Led by Lord Kitchener

Answer 47

Latest German rifles 60,000 soldiers Trench warfare 26,000 died in British concentration camps Used guérilla warfare Untrained Understood the terrain

Answer 48

1/3 of the British army was discovered unfit for duty Mandatory fitness checks were introduced Led to a smaller but more professional army by WW1 British government introduced free medical checks and “domestic science” (food tech) lessons to schools to ensure younger people were fitter This encouraged other changes: unemployment benefits (the “dole”), sick pay, old-age pensions The first job centres were built

Answer 49

High reliance on the potato Only 2/200 types of potato could grow in Ireland, both were vulnerable to the blight (potato virus) In 1845, Ireland had unusually cool and moist weather that the blight thrived in Ireland population increased Farms became smaller as land was used for towns Increased trading with infected countries like US and Mexico Too many people living in the same parts of Ireland Land was traditionally divided through sons (farm size became smaller each generation) Most land owned by English landlords

Answer 50

In 1800 the population was 5 million In 1841 it was 8 million

Answer 51

200,000 families lived in 0.75 miles (2)

Answer 52

1.5 million

Answer 53

Irish immigrants liked to drink, so often turned violent 40% of soldiers in the British army in the mid 1800s were Irish immigrants Some wanted independence and resorted to terrorist attacks Clerkenwell prison bomb in 1867

Answer 54

British thought of the Irish as dirty, so they were blamed for disease outbreaks Irish dancing, music, bars became an important part of British culture Typhus - a disease common in unsanitary conditions - was nicknamed Irish fever

Answer 55

Irish immigrants faced abuse as they were mostly catholic while Britain was Protestant

Answer 56

Crime rate increased - Irish immigrants blamed There were anti-Irish protests and suspicion They married Britons and assimilated into British culture, particularly in Liverpool

Answer 57

Irish workers - navies - helped build canals, roads, railways They British government set up workhouses for Irish immigrants to live in return for work

Answer 58

A group of Jewish merchants are invited to England from Rouen in France by William the Conqueror

Answer 59

In the “blood libel” case, Jews were accused of the ritual murder of Christian children

Answer 60

Jewish communities are established in London, Lincoln, Norwich, Oxford, Winchester, York

Answer 61

Many Jews are massacres in York In Norwich they flee to the cities castle for refuge, those who don’t are slaughtered

Answer 62

Executions in Norwich after an allegation that a Christian child was kidnapped by Jewish people

Answer 63

King Edward I expelled all Jews from England

Answer 64

Small Jewish communities begin to appear in England again The first synagogue since the expulsion is built

Answer 65

Jewish population in England grew from 400 - 40,000

Answer 66

Russian empire grew rapidly in the late 18th century Their royal family were orthodox Christians who did not tolerate other religions Jews faced pogroms (state supported attacks) Laws were passed against the 5 million Jews living in the Russian empire

Answer 67

2.5 million To the US and tolerant parts of Europe

Answer 68

Kept religious practices but integrated into society Many sent their children to the Jews free school in London which aimed to educate them on British life to help assimilation Employed in clothes/shoes/furniture making Gained reputation as hardworking, law-abiding citizens

Answer 69

The British Brothers League (BBL) tried to restrict immigration into east London Jews were sometimes associated with criminal activities Ikey Solomons (Jewish) was put on trial in the 1830s for handling stolen goods Dickens called the gangster Fagin “the Jew” in Oliver Twist No Jews were elected PMs until 1830

Answer 70

Large communities in Tottenham, London, Manchester, York Lord Alan Sugar and Philip green (topshop owner) are Jewish M&S and Tesco were started by Jewish immigrants Daniel Radcliffe, Orlando Bloom, Matt Lucas were Jewish Many fought for Britain like poet Siegfried Sassoon

Answer 71

1888 At 19

Answer 72

He took a job with a law firm based in South Africa Saw racial prejudice against Indians

Answer 73

1922 (4 times) Refused to eat and the British were scared he’d be martyred if they let him die, so he was released each time

Answer 74

1930 When Britain taxes salt so he walked 241 miles to the sea to make his own Thousands joined him

Answer 75

Came to Britain for the round table conference that aimed to introduce better laws for India He took his goat Nirmala with him

Answer 76

Worked with Louis Mountbatten (British governor in India) to make an agreement for independence in 1947 He was shot by a terrorist so never saw independence

Answer 77

Many Indians refused to work Gandhi told them to boycott British products and foreign goods This lost British companies millions

Answer 78

Salt march protest over British taxed salt

Answer 79

He was able to get the two embittered religious groups in India - Hindus and Muslims - to work together He was highly educated so understood how to deal with the British

Answer 80

Made sure world media were always around India to witness how the British treated the Indians This put pressure on Britain and the USA

Answer 81

When WW2 broke out Britain needed soldiers In return Britain would make India independent Gandhi approved this

Answer 82

15 august 1947 India became independent A conséquence on the independence was that Hindus and Muslims began to argue, leading to the new Indian state being portioned into a separate Muslim Pakistan and Hindu dominated India

Migration 1750 - 1939 Flashcards

(116 cards)