migration Flashcards
what are remittances
funds sent to the migrants country of origin
refugee
a person whos moved outside of their country to escape war, persecution or natural hazards
asylum seeker
a person who enters another country to seek refugee status due to fear for their life in their home country
whats an immigrants
moves to a country
whats an emigrant
moves away
whats net migration
the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants for a specific country
UK international migration
- main countries of origin for UK immigrants - India, Poland, Pakistan
- main countries of destination for UK immigrants - USA, Canada, Australia
- main reasons for emigration - jobs, retirement, families abroad
- Women make up 52% of uks immigrant population in 2019
- 35% of immigrants in the UK live in London
whats the difference between intra and inter regional migration
INTRA - moving within same region
INTER - moving between different regions
whats the multiplier effect
- new or expanding economic activity in an area created additional employment
- this is bc employees have more money to spend which stimulates more economic growth in the area which creates jobs etc
whats an EDC
emerging and developing country
benefits of remittances
- contribute to the populations GDP in LICS and EDCs
- stimulates economic growth and devlopment
how does global migration promote STABILITY
- migrant remittances are a source of foreign exchange so contribute to the ECONOMIC STABILITY of the recipient country
- in a country where there is an aging population - young working migrants balance the AGE STRUCTURE BALANCE
how does global migration promote ECONOMIC GROWTH
- migrant workers boost the GDP
- migrants as consumers stimulate local economies in host country - food, clothing etc
- fill skilled labour shortage gaps in host country
how does global migration promote DEVELOPMENT
- skilled and knowledge gained when returning to country of origin - benefits the country
- create networks - diasporas - religions, business, social etc.
diaspora
a group of people who don’t live in their original country but still maintain their heritage in their new land
how does global migration cause INEQUALITIES
- origin country can lose youth - vibrant. loss of energy and spirit in society
- origin country loses skilled workers - ‘brain drain’ - better educated who migrate generally
- migrant remittances can increase inequalities between those who do reive them and those who dont
how does global migration cause CONFLICTS
- social conflict - ppl who dont like ‘newcomers/ outsiders’ difficult to integrate due to different cultures, language, religion, ethnicity etc
- migrants may put pressure on services like health, education and housing - animosity from locals
- international borders - physical conflict - due to having to control traffickers and illegal migrants
how does global migration cause INJUSTICES
- migrants are vulnerable to violation of human rights - forced labour, exploitation of women and children, trafficking
- assylem seekers may not be allowed to work or be held in detention centres
- refugees may not have adequit standards of food, shelter, water, medicine
what is human trafficking
the unlawful act of transporting or coercing people in order to benefit from their work or service, typically in the form of forced labour or sexual exploitation
how is net migration calculated
number of immigrants - number of emmigrants
whats globalisation in migration
globalisation is leading to the emergence of new source areas and host destinations
examples of INTER - regional migration - globalisation
- highly skilled workers from China, India and Brazil –> USA ( technology, science, graduates)
- India, Pakistan and Bangladesh –> oil-producing Gulf states (eg Saudi Arabia attracted by high demand for labour and free flow of remittances)
examples of INTRA - regional migration - globalisation
- migrants within southeast Asian areas of low-skilled workers from Cambodia and Myanmar –> fast-growing economies eg Thailand and Malaysia
- within South America to countries like Argentina and Chile - more employment opportunities and higher wages
examples of INTERNAL migration - globalisation
- in Brazil people move from rural area of Brazil - Rio De Janeria - capital city. more jobs/higher wages etc.
