Migration and Empire Spec Point One

Question 1

Realative Fares

Answer 1

Scots emigrated due to the financial support of relatives. Relatives often paid for fares and provided help on arrival. (Pull)

Question 2

Highland potatoe

Answer 2

Many Highlanders were forced to consider emigration as a result of poverty and near starvation, for instance, during the potato blight.

Question 3

Social 1 weather

Answer 3

(Pull and push) Countries overseas offered a pleasant climate which contrasted with the wet weather, hardships and poor living of the Highlands.

Question 4

Social 2 friends

Answer 4

(Pull) Letters home from relatives and friends who had already emigrated describing the attractions of colonial life and recounting the successes of Scots emigrants was important in encouraging Scots to move overseas.

Question 5

Social 3 entertainment

Answer 5

Scots migrated to the towns to gain access to the increased social and leisure opportunities such as shops, the pub, cinema, dance hall and football. Railways made moving to enjoy the ‘bright lights’ of the town much easier. (Pull) internal

Question 6

Economic 1 land

Answer 6

Canada and New Zealand were attractive to Scottish farmers as they offered cheaper, fertile land. (Pull)

Question 7

Economic 2 travel

Answer 7

Scots were encouraged to emigrate due to cheaper and more efficient transport. (Pull)

Question 8

Economic 3 depression

Answer 8

Scots were forced to emigrate due to unemployment and a lack of opportunities. Many Scottish workers emigrated due to the effects of the economic depression of the 1920s and 1930s. (Push)

Question 9

Economic weather

Answer 9

Highlanders migrated to the towns to escape their difficult and poverty stricken lives farming poor soil in harsh weather. (economic) internal

Question 10

Social 4 Don’t need to know the specific example

Answer 10

Newspapers in Scotland also published articles in support of emigration to Australia and New Zealand. Guidebooks to help emigrants, such as ‘Hints on Emigration to Upper Canada’ were also produced along with posters with information and encouragement for potential Scottish emigrants. (social) (pull)

Question 11

Internal low

Answer 11

Scots from farming areas in the Lowlands of Scotland in particular were forced out of farming and encouraged to emigrate due to the lack of opportunities due to the effects of the agricultural revolution (mechanisation, specialisation, selective breeding) which led to a decrease in the number of workers required on the land. (economic)

Question 12

Economic coast

Answer 12

Scots from coastal towns were forced to emigrate as a result of the decline of the kelp and herring industries push