Minerals

Question 1

Inorganic chemicals that are an important part of a balanced diet
Essential for metabolic processes to take place to produce energy and release when needed

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Total percent of minerals in the body

Answer 2

<1%

Question 3

More than __ mineral elements are believed to be essential to mammals

Answer 3

18

Question 4

Supplementation of minerals are

Answer 4

contraindicated

Question 5

2 classifications of minerals

Answer 5

Macrominerals

Microminerals

Question 6

5 Macrominerals that are essential in a diet

Answer 6

Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Potassium (K)

Question 7

Macrominerals are required in _______ amounts and the dietary requirements are expressed in ___________

Answer 7

large

percents (%)

Question 8

These aid in maintaining electrolyte and H2O balance, skeletal integrity, muscle and nerve conduction, and cellular function

Answer 8

Macrominerals

Question 9

The ratio of Ca and P should be maintained at a _______ for homeostasis

Answer 9

1:1 ratio

Question 10

High ____________ means the body starts taking Ca from the bones, and thus makes them soft

Answer 10

P to Ca ratio

Question 11

Component of bones and teeth
Aids in blood clotting
Muscle and nerve functions

Answer 11

Calcium

Question 12

Deficiency of this mineral could be a result of inappropriate homemade food/diets are made for dogs and cats

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

Skeletal deformities and lameness is a side effect of a deficiency in which macromineral

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

Excessive amounts of Calcium could yield kidney/renal complications such as

Answer 14

Kidney stones

Question 15

A component of bones and teeth
Involved with muscle formation
Important in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
Reproductive health

Answer 15

Phosphorus

Question 16

Too much Phosphorus could leade to 3 side effects

Answer 16

1. Urinary calculi
2. Calcification of soft tissues
3. Bone loss

Question 17

Involved in over 300 reactions in the body
Important for EVERY organ in the body (particularly the heart, muscles, and kidneys)
Composition of bones and teeth
Enzyme activation
Contributes to energy production
Regulates nutrients (copper, zinc, potassium, and vitamin D)

Answer 17

Magnesium

Question 18

A diet deficient in ______________ can result in muscular weakness, convulsions, decreased mineralization of bones, calcification of the aorta, and non-specific clinical signs

Answer 18

Magnesium

Question 19

This macromineral is consumed in relatively constant amounts in diets

Answer 19

NaCl

Question 20

NaCl solutions are given for fluid and

Answer 20

electrolyte replenishment

Question 21

Maintains electrolyte and acid-base balances
Used to maintain osmotic pressure
Aids in the transmission of nerve impulses, nutrient uptake, waste excretion, and water metabolism

Answer 21

Sodium Chloride

Question 22

Toxic amounts of NaCl can cause excess

Answer 22

thirst

Question 23

Hypertension, heart dz, and renal dz can be a side effect of too much

Answer 23

NaCl

Question 24

Essential in muscle contractions, nerve impulses, acid-base balance, and osmotic balance

Answer 24

Potassium

Question 25

Decrease in potassium in the blood

Answer 25

Hypokalemia

Question 26

Microminerals are AKA

Answer 26

trace elements

Question 27

5 microminerals

Answer 27

Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Iodine (I)

Question 28

Micromineral requirements are expressed in

Answer 28

ppm (parts per million)

Question 29

Amounts of microminerals in a diet are

Answer 29

low

Question 30

Excess of trace elements can be

Answer 30

toxic

Question 31

Multiple biochemical functions Component of several enzymes Hemoglobin formation Cardiac function Connective tissue development/wound healing (helps make colagen and elastin) Pigmentation of skin and hair (part of an enzyme that makes melanin)

Answer 31

Copper

Question 32

Aids in the removal of free radicals

Answer 32

Copper

Question 33

Hair depigmenation is a sign of deficiency in which mineral?

Answer 33

Copper

Question 34

Copper toxicosis primarily affects which dog breeds?

Answer 34

Bedlington Terriers, Westies, and Dobermans

Question 35

A toxicity of copper is incurable but can be managed with

Answer 35

decoppering agents | TWICE A DAY

Question 36

Big component of HgB formation | Also aids in immunity

Answer 36

Iron

Question 37

A toxicity of Iron can lead to decreased levels of this protein

Answer 37

Albumin

Question 38

This mineral is an activator of many enzymes, aids in skin and wound healing, immune response (T Cells in particular), and fetal development

Answer 38

Zinc

Question 39

The most common way to obtain a toxicity of zinc is by

Answer 39

ingesting a foreign object

Question 40

A foreign object commonly associated with Zinc toxicity

Answer 40

Pennies

Question 41

Aids in immune function by manufacturing selenoproteins and antioxidants

Answer 41

Selenium

Question 42

Best source of Selenium

Answer 42

plant foods

Question 43

An over consumption of Selenium can lead to

Answer 43

"garlicky breath"

Question 44

Essential for normal thyroid function that helps balance and synthesize thyroid hormones

Answer 44

Iodine

Question 45

A deficiency or toxicity of Iodine can lead to

Answer 45

Goiter

Question 46

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Answer 46

goiter