Vitamins

Question 1

These nutrients are essential for life because they help in many biochemical reactions

Answer 1

Non-Energy Producing Nutrients

Question 2

3 Non-Energy Producing nutrients

Answer 2

Water, vitamins, and minerals

Question 3

The most important nutrient

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

Water requirements vary on 6 factors

Answer 4

Environmental temp
Physical activity
Metabolism
Diet
Lactation
Illness

Question 5

What’s the most important way an animal obtains water, other than through metabolic processes?

Answer 5

Ingestion

Question 6

These diets have the highest percentage of water content. How much do they have, percentage-wise?

Answer 6

Canned food

70-83%

Question 7

Semi-moist food consists of what percent water?

Answer 7

25-35%

Question 8

Dry kibble consists of what percent water content?

Answer 8

3-11%

Question 9

Animals that eat this type of diet tend to drink less water

Answer 9

Canned

Question 10

Essential for almost every chemical reaction
Assists with digestion
Source of hydration
Transports solutes and gases
Assists with temp regulation
Lubrication of joints and eyes
Electrolyte balance

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

What is the largest and heaviest component of our bodies?

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

The body is composed of how much water?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

Grave illness or death can occur if how much body water is lost?

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

Physiologic water loss can occur due to 4 things

Answer 14

Diarrhea, vomiting, burns, and infections

Question 15

How should we hydrate sick or injured animals if they can’t ingest water on their own?

Answer 15

Through IV or SQ fluids

Question 16

Excessive water intake could indicate

Answer 16

Diabetes

Kidney (renal) failure

Question 17

Organic compounds necessary for normal physiologic function that can’t be synthesized within the body

Answer 17

Vitamins

Question 18

Over supplementing _____________ vitamins can lead to toxic syndromes

Answer 18

fat soluble

Question 19

2 classes of vitamins

Answer 19

Fat soluble and water soluble

Question 20

4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

A D E K

Question 21

Require bile salts and fat clusters for passage through the intestines and into the bloodstream
These are stored in the fat and liver
Required in smaller daily doses because the body is able to store them
Excessive intake can be toxic

Answer 21

Fat soluble

Question 22

Vitamin A is AKA

Answer 22

Retinol

Question 23

Require pre-formed vitamin A that they can get from ingesting animal tissue

Answer 23

KITTEH KATS

Question 24

Can convert beta-carotene from plants to vitamin A

Answer 24

DAWGIES

Question 25

Component of visual proteins (ie. eye health) Used for cellular division Spermatogenesis Helps regulate the immune system and fight infection Bone resorption

Answer 25

Vitamin A

Question 26

Vitamin A is found in

Answer 26

fortified milk, liver, orange fruits and veggies, and dark, leafy greens

Question 27

Deficiency of what vitamin can lead to eye disorders, fetal resorption, aspermatogenesis, and non-clinical signs

Answer 27

Vitamin A

Question 28

Too much of this vitamin can result in cervical spondylosis in cats, erythema, long-bone fractures

Answer 28

Vitamin A

Question 29

The sunshine vitamin

Answer 29

Vitamin D

Question 30

Keeps calcium, phosphorous, and homeostasis balanced Aids in bone mineralization Helps with immune functions

Answer 30

Vitamin D

Question 31

Need a UV light to obtain vitamin D to put calcium into their blood stream

Answer 31

Reptiles

Question 32

Humans need __________ of sunlight every day to obtain vitamin D

Answer 32

10-15 mins

Question 33

Vitamin D can be found in

Answer 33

fortified milk, fish, liver, egg yolks, and fortified cereals

Question 34

Deficient uptake of vitamin D can lead to

Answer 34

Rickets, Osteoporosis, and osteomalacia

Question 35

Bones become bowed and joints appear swollen due to failure of calcification

Answer 35

Rickets

Question 36

Increased bone porosity

Answer 36

osteoporosis

Question 37

Softening of bones from impaired mineralization

Answer 37

osteomalacia

Question 38

Hypercalcemia, calcinosis, lameness, and anorexia can be toxicity signs of too much

Answer 38

Vitamin D

Question 39

Tocopherol is AKA

Answer 39

Vitamin E

Question 40

Serves as a biologic anti-oxidant and helps maintain cell membrane integrity through free radical scavengry

Answer 40

Vitamin E

Question 41

Vitamin E can be found in what foods?

Answer 41

Whole grains, wheat germ, sardines, nuts and seeds, leafy greens, and egg yolks

Question 42

Cats that are fed homecooked diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids are at risk for developing a deficiency of

Answer 42

Vitamin E

Question 43

Pansteatitis can be seen in a deficiency of Vitamin E. What is pansteatitis?

Answer 43

Inflammation of adipose tissue

Question 44

What is pansteatitis AKA?

Answer 44

Yellow Fat Dz

Question 45

Sterility in males, dermatosis, immunodeficiency, anorexia, and myopathy can be seen in patients with what kind of vitamin deficiency?

Answer 45

Vitamin E

Question 46

A toxic amount of vitamin E can result in

Answer 46

Increased clotting times

Question 47

Allows blood clotting protein formation

Answer 47

Vitamin K

Question 48

What is found in rat poison that can be reversed with emergency supplementation of vitamin K? What does this chemical cause?

Answer 48

Warfarin | Internal, fatal hemorrhaging

Question 49

Vitamin K can be found in what foods?

Answer 49

Leafy, green veggies, dairy products, broccoli, and soy bean oil

Question 50

A deficiency in this vitamin can cause prolonged clotting times and hypothrombinemia

Answer 50

Vitamin K

Question 51

An over consumption of vitamin K can result in ___________ in dogs

Answer 51

anemia

Question 52

Absorbed via active transport by means of bonding to a substance carried into or out of a cell Poorly stored in the body Excess is lost in the urinary tract A deficiency may occur during H2O loss, so supplementation is recommended (ie. times of illness)

Answer 52

Water soluble vitamins

Question 53

Vitamin C is AKA

Answer 53

ascorbic acid

Question 54

Serves as a biologic antioxidant Helps maintain gums and muscles Helps with the healing of wounds and resisting infections

Answer 54

Vitamin C

Question 55

What 3 species must consume Vitamin C to have an adequate supply?

Answer 55

Humans, primates, and guinea pigs

Question 56

Most animals can derive Vitamin C from

Answer 56

glucose

Question 57

Vitamin C can be found in these foods:

Answer 57

citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, kiwi, cantelope, tomatoes, cabbage, and sweet red peppers

Question 58

Scurvy can be a side effect of deficient......

Answer 58

vitamin C intake

Question 59

Changes in joints, tooth, and gum dz which causes bleeding from MM and possible wounds on the skin

Answer 59

Scurvy

Question 60

High levels of vitamin C can cause

Answer 60

diarrhea

Question 61

``` Help make energy Used in multiple metabolic reactions Essential for biochemical reactions Aids in cell metabolism and growth Helps tone skin and muscle Increases immune and nervous function ```

Answer 61

B complex vitamins

Question 62

B Complex vitamins can be found in

Answer 62

Whole grains, fish and seafood, poultry and meats, eggs, dairy, leafy green veggies, and beans and peas

Question 63

8 B complex vitamins

Answer 63

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

Question 64

B1 is AKA

Answer 64

Thiamine (Vitamin F)

Question 65

B2 is AKA

Answer 65

Riboflavin (Vitamin G)

Question 66

B3 is AKA

Answer 66

Niacin (Nictotinamide)

Question 67

What species require B3?

Answer 67

Cats

Question 68

B5 is AKA

Answer 68

Pantothenic Acid

Question 69

B6 is AKA

Answer 69

Pyridoxine

Question 70

B7 is AKA

Answer 70

Biotin (Vitamin H)

Question 71

B9 is AKA

Answer 71

Folic acid (Folacin or Vitamin M)

Question 72

B12 is AKA

Answer 72

Cobalamins

Question 73

Retarded growth, diarrhea, emaciation, ataxia, anemia, and dermatitis could be signs of deficiency of

Answer 73

B Complex vitamins

Question 74

Excessive B complex vitamins cause urine

Answer 74

To appear bright yellow to orange in color

Question 75

Providing a pet with a "______________" will ensure consumption of vitamins in the proper amount needed with maintain good health

Answer 75

complete diet