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NURS 350 > Mini Cast Study 1 > Flashcards

Mini Cast Study 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Average sodium serum range:

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

Average potassium serum range:

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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3
Q

Average chloride serum range:

A

96-106 mEq/L

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4
Q

Average calcium serum range:

A

8.4-10.6 mEq/L

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5
Q

Average magnesium serum range:

A

1.8-3.0 mg/dL

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6
Q

What is the starling hypothesis equation?

A

Net=[Filtration]-[Reabsorption]

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7
Q

What are the filtration forces?

A

Capillary hydrostatic (capillary pushing out) and interstitial oncotic (ISF pulling out)

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8
Q

what are the reabsorption forces?

A

Capillary oncotic (capillary pulling in) and Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (ISF pushing in)

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9
Q

What are the types of cell injury?

A

reversible, irreversible, adaptation, active injury, necrosis, apoptosis, accumulations, calcification.

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10
Q

what is examples of reversible cell injury?

A

loss of ATP, swelling

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11
Q

what is examples of irreversible cell injury?

A

structural, mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ entering

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12
Q

what is examples of adaptational cell injury?

A

atrophy, hypertrophy, etc

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13
Q

what is examples of active cell injury?

A

immediate response of the “entire” cell

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14
Q

what is examples of necrosis cell injury?

A

is common, swelling, organelle injury

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15
Q

what is examples of apoptosis cell injury?

A

programmed cell death

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16
Q

what is examples of accumulation cell injury?

A

water, pigment, lipids, all collecting

17
Q

what is examples of calcification cell injury?

A

pathologic, dystrophic, metastatic types

18
Q

What is ischemia?

A

lack of blood supply

19
Q

what are free radicals?

A

unstable and uncharged molecules that steal electrons from stable molecules, causing damage

20
Q

what does free radical damage cause?

A

oxidative stress. This damages cells and their structures over time.

21
Q

what are some free radicals?

A

superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxy radicals, nitric oxide

22
Q

What are the standard ABG values? (pH, PCO2, HCO3-)

A 
pH= 7.35-7.45
PCO2= 35-45 mmHg
HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L

NURS 350 (3 decks)

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