Misc

Question 1

• UMN injury? (4)
• LMN injury? (3)
  1. ) AL System?
  2. ) PCML System?
  3. ) Cortico spinal tract? Proximal muscles? Distal Muscles?
• Brown Sequard Syndrome?
• Anterior Horn? Intermediate? Dorsal Horn?
• Cord enlarged where? Why?

Answer 1

• Hypereflexia, Barbasnki (toes up), spastic, loss of super. abd. reflexes
• Hyporeflexia, flaccid, fassiculations
• Ascending pain and temp
• Fine touch and prop asscending
• Lateral and anterior for motor neurons; distal cross at pyramids to make lateral; anterior is proximal with some cross over
• Spinal lesion of AL and ventral horn
• Cell bodies LMN; pregang symp; pain and temp
• Lumbar & lower cervical for limbs

Question 2

• Fasiculus gracilis?
• Fasiculus cutaneous?
• Posterior column?
• Substantia gelitinosa?
• In general: Unilaterlesion?
• Pregang para where? (2)
• Insula deep to?

Answer 2

• DRG axons for lower limb
• DRG axons for upper limb
• FG, FC, PCML
• Second order neurons for AL for ipsi side before cross
• Contra pain and temp loss; ipsi loss for rest
• S2-4
• Sylvian fissure

Question 3

• PCML from big toe? (9)

- AL from big toe? (9)

Answer 3

• Periph. nerves, L5 DRG, CA, Dorsal horn, Fasic grac., Brain stem, cross @ medial lemiscus, synapses 3rd in Thalamus, paracentral lobule
• Periph. nerves, L5 DRG, CA, Dorsal horn, Asc or desc 1-2 levels in lissaurs fasiculus, synapse in subs. gelitinosa, cross midline, ascends AL spinothalmic tract, VPL thalamus, 3rd neuron to cortex

Question 4

• ASD: Symptoms? (2) Also lack?
• Etiology?
• Epidemiology: Rate? Increasing? Gender? Cultures?
• Treatment? (3)
• Often associated with?
• Life long?
• Chance of second child with ASD?

Answer 4

1. ) Impaired reciprocal social comm. 2.) Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests; comm. competence
   - Unkown; likely combo environ. and genetics
   - Education, behavior, psychological
   - Other issues
   - Yes
   - 18-22%

Question 5

• Normal development: What is it?
• 5 domains?
• Abnormal calculated how? Delayed? Refer at?
• Assessment tools? (5)
  1. ) DD: Same as ID? Can be due to? (3)
  2. ) ID: Defined how? Measured when?
  3. ) CP: Impaired? Acquired? Progressive? 3 types? 4 types of spastic?
  4. ) AD: Abnormal in 1/3 what?

Answer 5

• Grows and develops as expected
• GM, FM, language, cognitive, social
• DQ = Develop age/ Age; 2 SD’s off;

Question 6

1. ) Ancephaly: Amniotic fluid?
2. ) SB? Occulta?
3. ) Dandy Walker Malformation: Failure of what to develop? Massively dilated what?
   - Syringomyelia: Lose what? Spares? Knocks out what?
   - ALS: What signs? (2)
   - DMD due to? Beckers?

Answer 6

1. ) More
2. ) Menigocele, myelomenigocele; dimple over arch
3. ) Failure of cerebellar vermis to develop; 4th ventricle
   - Pain/touch; fine; C8-T1 Anterior white commisure
   - UMN = Lateral corticospinal; LMN = Anterior horn
   - deletions; mutations

Question 7

• Bethanachol has increased affinity for?
• a2 effects?
• Terminates NE effect?
• Depol. block only works for?
• Gs effect? Receptors?
• Gio effect? Receptors?
• Gq effects? Receptors?
• RDS of NE?

Answer 7

• Increase affinity for M than N
• Lowers NE at heart; Lowers ACh at GI
• NET
• Nicotinic
• AC, incr. cAMP, B1/B2
• Decrease cAMP, M2, a2
• PLC, Incr IC Ca; M1,3,5; a1
• Tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 8

• Cholinergic Agonists: Direct act on? Indirect short? Intermediate? Long?
• Cholinergic Antagonists: Anti musc? Anti nico: NMJ? Gang? Cholinesterase regen?
• Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect via release? Reuptake inhibitor?

Answer 8

• M; Endrophorium, Neostigmine, organo
• Atropine; Curare; None; Pralidoxime
• Psuedophedrine; Cocaine