MISCELLANEOUS

Question 1

Challenges faced by the UN in Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War Era

Answer 1

1. Growing interest and influence of regional orgns.
2. Rise of the Last Resort
3. Operational Difficulties
   [PIPIS] 5
   (a) Paucity of tps
   (b) Int infrastructure
   (c) Problems of comd and control and co-ord
   (d) Insolvency crisis
   (e) Sy
   4.Conceptual Difficulties [PURDS] 5
   (a) Peacekeeping vs Peace Enforcement
   (b) Use of force
   (c) Risk involved
   (d) Different lifestyle
   (e) SEA issue

Question 2

Challenges Likely to be Faced by Nepal

Answer 2

1. Need to be commiserative with the future rqmts
2. Adjustment in a new possible env
3. Wpns and Eqpts
4. Language
5. Interest of regional organs
6. Logistic backup
7. Impact on welfare programs of NA in case of decreased participation in PKM.

Question 3

Recommendation for Nepal to Face the Challenges

Answer 3

1. Formation of Msn Desk in NA under DPKO to have a discrete study of the changing situation and to give special recommendation on each and every Msn.
2. Trg on the changing paradigm of the world peacekeeping.
3. Trg on language.
4. NA’s welfare programs may be affected in case of less contribution in PKM, so NA should endeavor to maintain its participation in PKM.
5. Introduction and Trg on new eqpts that may be used in PKO.
6. Take all necessary efforts to maintain operational effectiveness of the Contingents.

Question 4

Lesson learnt from past UN Msns

Answer 4

1. In the context of existing changing world order, NA should present itself as an example of principles of UNO such as neutrality, impartiality & credibility.
2. NA should present itself with principal of complete Self sustainment by overcoming its past weaknesses regarding self sustainment.
3. NA needs to collaborate in an int’l env so we should be capable of working with other Peace keeping militaries, civilians and stakeholders by implementing the principle of Interoperability.
4. Participating tps require cultural awareness of Msn area, so the Human Terrain related trg is must.
5. Peacekeepers should have knowledge regarding the greater effect at strategic level caused by a minor mistake committed at tac level.
6. Zero tolerance policy regarding Human right and SEA should be strictly implemented.
7. Including of cases study in trg, regarding int’lly famed cases will boost morale of participating tps.
8. Overall operational capability can be lifted by enhancing capacity of Special op forces, Army Aviation and Aero Medicals deployed in UN Msns.
9. Humanitarian aspects should be included in pre-induction trgs so that QIPs can be effectively implemented and hearts and minds of the local population can be won.
10. POC is the main existing challenge, so this aspect should be borne in mind while preparing peacekeeping force.

Question 5

Procedure for the Deployment of Tps

Answer 5

1. Request receives from UN-MOFA-MOD-NA
2. Request receives by NA through Permanent Msn
3. Threat Analysis/suggested to MOD (Issues like force protection and capability considered)
4. Decision taken by the Govt
5. Planning and prep initiated by DPKO, NA

Question 6

Role of NA in UN peace ops Strategic Level

Answer 6

(a) To support Nepal’s foreign policy of non-alliance.
(b) To support Nepal’s commitment to international peace for a peaceful and prosperous world under UN umbrella.
(c) Recognize Nepal in international community through peacekeeping op

Question 7

Role of NA in UN peace ops
Operational Level

Answer 7

(a) To support war torn countries in ending the conflict.
(b) Support post conflict nation building process for long term peace and Sy.
(c) Learning and sharing of professional knowledge with peacekeeping partners and host nations

Question 8

Role of NA in UN peace ops Tac Level [CQ PACE] 6

Answer 8

1. Conduct of minor ops (Patrolling, escorts, checkpoints, Humanitarian site sy etc)
2. QIP
3. POC
4. Assist humanitarian actors.
5. CIMIC ops
6. Ensure freedom of movement

Question 9

Phs of deployment of UN Msn

Answer 9

1. Msn Start-up
2. Mandate implementation
3. Transition (Handover, withdrawal, liquidation)