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Biology > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

0
Q

What is mitosis used for?

A

Reproduction of single celled eukaryotes
Growth and development of multicellular organisms
Maintenance of multicellular organisms are

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1
Q

What is the only cell that does not preform mitotic cell division?

A

Germ cells

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2
Q

Ho do prokaryotes divide?

A

Binary fission.

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3
Q

What happens during binary fission?

A

Chromosomes attached to plasma membrane which grows between them to ensure they end up in different daughter cells

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4
Q

What is the mitotic cell division cell cycle?

A

G1 to S to G2 to M

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5
Q

What is S Phase?

A

DNA replicated forming a sister chromatids

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6
Q

What happens during M phase?

A

Chromosomes are divided evenly between two new cells

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7
Q

Why are G1 and G2 phased

A

Both are gap phases to help prepare the cell got the next step of the cell cycle
Make sure everything occurred correctly with the DNA

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8
Q

When and how does the cell grow in the mitotic cell cycle?

A

During gap phases by synthesizing proteins lipids and carbohydrates

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9
Q

What are the 5 stages that M phase can be divided into?

A

Prophase pro metaphase metaphase anaphase and telophase.

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10
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Condense chromosomes. Centers ones start to move apart.

Site of micro tubule genisis

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11
Q

What happens in pro metaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope is taken apart and kinetochore occurs

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12
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Alrighnemt of chorizos ones on the center of the cell. Motor proteins on MT pulling in opposite direction to center chromosomes.

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13
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separated and brought to opposite sides of the cell. The MTs shrink and proteins pull

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14
Q

What happens during telophase.

A

De Condensing of chromosomes. Reform nucleus and preform cytokinesis via contracting of microfilaments

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15
Q

What maintains the order of the cell cycle?

A

Cyclins

16
Q

What do cycling do?

A

Ensure everything is going in the right order and serve the role as checkpoints and preventing progression of an error occurs

17
Q

Where are mutations found that promote cancer?

A

Tumor suppressor a and oncogens.

18
Q

What is normal function of a tumor suppressor?

A

Functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle.

A brake.

19
Q

What happens to a mutated tumor suppressor?

A

It divides in appropriately.

20
Q

What is the normal function of an oncogen?

A

A positive regulator of the cell

A gas pedal

21
Q

Describe tumor suppressor and oncogens role in cancer

A

Hundreds have been found in cancers, many cells must mutate before the onset of cancer. This requires multiple cell divisions and this occurs later in life.

22
Q

What is the prevalence of cancer in the human body

A

We have 6 X 10^13 cells and 99.999999% of them will never become cancer

Biology (18 decks)

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