Quiz And Exam Questions

Question 0

How does DNA structure relate to its function?

Answer 0

The double helix structure held together by relatively weak hydrogen bonds allows it to serve the function of a template for both DNA and RNA both required roles of genetic information.

Question 1

What is a reasonable size for a gut epithelial cell?

Answer 1

100 micrometers.

Question 2

Alcohols acids and based are functional group found in organic molecules. What is their purpose?

Answer 2

C-H bonds are non polar meaning that they can’t interact with the mostly polar water environment. Additions of function groups allow most organic molecules to interact with water.

Question 3

Describe the type of monomer and bond found in either proteins nucleic acids or carbohydrates.

Answer 3

Proteins- AAs, peptide bonds
Nucleic acids- nucleotides, phostphodiester
Carbohydrates-sugars, glycosidic

Question 4

Name one of the modifications that need to happen to the primary transcript before it can serve as mRNA

Answer 4

5’ cap- tells the ribosome which end of the transcript to read from.
PolyA tail- stability during export
Splicing-remove introns that do not contain information for protein synthesis.

Question 5

Briefly explain why the amino acid change from glycine to aspiric acid would result in a protein function change

Answer 5

They have different R groups. This difference would probably affect the shape of the protein and therefore it’s structure.

Question 6

Would you expect saturated or unsaturated fats to be more likely to clog arteries?

Answer 6

Saturated. They don’t have double bonds bonds meaning that they can pack more tightly together and can solidify more easily.

Question 7

Solute A crosses across the membrane by facilitated diffusion. What does this suggest about its chemical properties?

Answer 7

Solute a is probably an ion

Question 8

Which molecule contains more chemical energy, pyre ate or lactate?

Answer 8

Lactate, it has one more high energy C-H bond than pyruvate.

Question 9

Explain how ATP and PFK create a feedback process? Biologically not mechanistic ally

Answer 9

When ATP provides feedback it is an indicator that there is plenty of ATP around. Since PFK unctions in a pathway that produces ATP the biological response that makes sence is for ATP to inhibit the enzymes activity.

Question 10

How does the binding of ATP to PFK allosterically change in activity of the enzyme?

Answer 10

When it binds allosterically, it changes the shape of the active site, making it either a better fit, or making it not fit ant all.

Question 11

What are the roles of ATP and NADPH in the cLvin cycle

Answer 11

ATP is mostly used to regerste RuBP

NADPH serves as the electron donor to reduce co bond to ch bond

Question 12

What type of signaling is insulin

Answer 12

Endocrine.

Question 13

How is insulins presence transduced to the inside of the cell?

Answer 13

There is a conformational change of the receptor, since it’s an rtk receptor, two monomers will join to create a dimer and phosphorylate the intercellular portion of the protein

Question 14

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter. When it binds ions enter the cell. What class of receptor is it using?

Answer 14

Ligand gated ion channels

Question 15

What prevents energetically favorable reactions from occurring at an efficient rate?

Answer 15

Need to overcome activation energy barrier to break bonds.

Question 16

Explain one role of vitamins in enzymatic reactions.

Answer 16

They are organic cofactors used to increase efficiency.

Question 17

At wht step is O2 generated during photosynthesis

Answer 17

When ps2 loses it’s electron and replaces it by splitting h2o

Question 18

What are two ways in which intermediate filaments differ from Mts and Mfs

Answer 18

They Are not dynamic and they don’t use motor proteins.

Question 19

Hat are two fusions of motor proteins?

Answer 19

Carry cargo along micro tubules. And can contract to cause movement.

Question 20

Describe two activities that occur during gap phase

Answer 20

Growth and checkpoint

Question 21

Name the two specific membranes that ATP synthase is found in in plant cell

Answer 21

Thylakoids membrane and inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Question 22

What’s one mechanism cells use to go Fro. g1 phase begin to enter s phase

Answer 22

Cyclins control progression through cell cycle

Question 23

What do the following things do?
RNA primase
DNA helicase
DNA ligase
Ssb

Answer 23

Creates primer
Breaks h bonds
Seals Okazaki fragments
Prevents h bonds from reforming.

Question 24

Describe one way to distinguish between meiosis I and II

Answer 24

Meiosis I has a very long prophase and separates homologous chromosomes. Meiosis two starts with haploid cells amd separates sister chromatids.

Question 25

HOw can genetic diversity amount humans be advantageous

Answer 25

C and s allele confer malaria resistance

Question 26

People with red hair almost always have pale skin. What could account for this?

Answer 26

Two separate genes may be located near each other on the chromosome so that they don’t assorted independently.

Question 27

What is the source of energy used to replicate DNA?

Answer 27

The cleaving of phosphate bonds of incoming nucleotide.

Question 28

Would you expect an operon to be off or on if glycine is present in the environment?

Answer 28

Off