Mitosis and Genetics Review SBI3UN

Question 1

why do cells reproduce by asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

1) growth
2) repair
3) replacement

Question 2

what is the cell cycle

Answer 2

• interphase, period between cell divisions, as well as mitosis and cytokinesis
• sequence of growth and division of a cell
• 95%=interphase
• 5%= mitosis

Question 3

G1, G2, and S phases

Answer 3

G1= growth and normal metabolic roles

G2= growth and preparation for mitosis

S= DNA replication

Question 4

What is interphase

Answer 4

• time interval between nuclear divisions
• cells grow by doubling their cytoplasmic components, including the chromsomes
• structural proteins are made to repair damaged cell parts and prepare for mitosis
• nutrients are transported to where they’re needed and waste is expelled

Question 5

what is the genetic material during interphase called

Answer 5

• chromatin= rearrangement of DNA molecules and proteins into long, thin strands
• single chromosomes duplicates to become double stranded chromosomes
• each single strand= chromatid as they are attached at the centromere=sister chromatids

Question 6

What is mitosis

Answer 6

• asexual cell division where daughter cell receives the same DNA as a parent cell

thus all body cells in the human body have the same genetic information because they came from the same fertilized egg cell

Question 7

Prophase (mitosis)

Answer 7

• chromsomes condense
• centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell= animal
• the centrioles provide attachment for the spindle fibres, which serves as a guide for attachment and movement of chromosomes during cell division
• nuclear membrane fades to allow for separation of chromosomes and cell organelles
• even though most plants lack centrioles, spindle fibres form. the centromere joining the two chromatids help anchor the chromosomes to the spindle fibres

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

• chromosomes are now made up of sister chromatids and move towards the equator of the cell
• chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres, chromatids can become intertwined during metaphase
• each chromatid is attached to the spindle of the centromere

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

• centromeres divide
• the sister chromatids, which we now called single-stranded chromosomes, are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell
• each chromatid is now a separate chromosome
• the same number and type of chromosome is found at each pole of the cell

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

• chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and begin to lengthen
• spindle fibers dissolve
• chromosomes reach the opposite poles and begin to uncoil
• the nuclear membrane begins to form around each mass of chromatin

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

• telophase is followed by cytokinesis, the division of cytoplasm
• 2 daughter cells are now separate
• a furrow develops: pinching the cell in two parts (animal), cell plate (plants), these will separate the two cells and their content from eachother