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** Histotech Memorizing > Mixed > Flashcards

Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm become opaque and congeals into a netlike structure. (Imagine a mesh ball, making protein insoluble; aqueous/alcoholic sol’n will penetrate through the holes in the mesh ball).

  • is this fixative type coagulant or non-coagulant ?
A

Coagulant fixative

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2
Q

Does not disrupt the cytoplasm but transforms it into a transparent gel. ( imagine a ball of “jello”; aqueous sol’n would have difficulty penetrating jello).
Fixation of tissue protein is by cross-linking.

  • is this a fixative type coagulant or non coagulant ?
A

Non coagulant

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3
Q

Names all the coagulant fixatives

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Methanol
  3. Acetone
  4. Mercuric
  5. Chloride
  6. Chromium
    6.Trioxide
  7. Zinc salts
  8. Picric acid
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4
Q

Name all the non-coagulants fixatives

A
  1. Formaldehyde
  2. Glutaraldehyde
  3. Osmium tetroxide
  4. Potassium dichromate
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5
Q

Tolerant fixative definition

A

How tolerant is a fixative on tissues, can it be left in sol’n for long period of time and not be destroyed or left in sol’n only for a few hours.

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6
Q

Non-tolerant definition

A

When long exposure may make tissue hard and brittle and destroy some features

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7
Q

Additive fixatives definition

A

Crosslink with proteins in cells, strengthening cell structure & insuring preservations

Additive fixative are non-coagulant

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8
Q

Non-additive fixation definition

A

Organic compounds, acts on tissue without chemically combining with it.
- can cause shrinkage and harden if overexposed

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9
Q

Additive fixatives

A

1.formaldehyde
2. Glutaraldehyde
3. Picric acid

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10
Q

Non-additives fixatives

A
  1. Acetone
  2. Alcohols
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11
Q

Fixatives best for nucleic acids

A

1.ethanol
2.acetic acid
3. Carnoy’s

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12
Q

Lipids fixatives

A
  1. Osmium tetroxide
  2. Chromic acid
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13
Q

Which fixative causes less shrinkage than any other fixatives ?

A

Formaldehyde

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14
Q

What fixative causes brown black deposits seen on microscopic ?

A

AFH- acid formaldehyde Haematin- formalin pigment. (When sol’n is not buffered in pH drops)

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15
Q

What happens when unbuffered formalin changes to formic acid ?

A

Creates pigment forming in bloody tissues

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16
Q

Which fixatives is better at preserving glycogen?

A

Formol (10% alcoholic formalin)

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17
Q

Which fixatives have a slow penetration rate

A

Glutaraldehyde

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18
Q

Which fixative is used for EM (preserves ultrastructure)

A

Glutaraldehyde

19
Q

Which fixative is used for a secondary (post) fixative for EM samples

A

Osmium tetroxide

20
Q

Which fixative can be used to stain lipids in frozen sections

A

Osmium tetroxide

21
Q

What does osmium tetroxide preserves best ?

A

Cell membrane by combining with lipids making them insoluble.

22
Q

Which fixatives causes swelling in the tissue but when used with other fixative counteract their shrinkage effects.

A

Acetic acid

23
Q

Which fixative fixes well the nuclei ?

A

Acetic acid

24
Q

Which fixatives penetrates rapidly, leaving tissues soft but lyses red blood cells.

A

Acetic acid

25
Q

Which fixative can be used as a fixative and a stain ?

A

Picric acid

26
Q

Which fixative can decalcify small calcium deposits

A

Picric acid

27
Q

Which fixative will
Leave tissue receptive to acid dyes (eosin) and can also be used as a supersaturated sol’n ?

A

Picric acid

28
Q

Which fixative preserves tissue antigenicity making retrieval procedures unnecessary for immunohistochemistry ?

A

Zinc salts

29
Q

Which fixative is commonly used for fixation of lymph bode and bone marrow tissues

A

Zinc salt

30
Q

Which fixative can be used as a substitute for mercury in the B-5 sol’n ?

A

Zinc salt

31
Q

Which fixative is a bifunctional aldehyde that reacts like in a similar manner to formaldehyde glyoxal

A

Glyoxal

32
Q

Which fixative can be a formalin substitute ?

A

Glyoxal

33
Q

Which fixative have a rapid action but cause brittleness in tissues. Is not used in automated processing schedule due to its volatility. Is also used as a dehydrating.

A

Acetone

34
Q

Which fixative denatures proteins by water replacement, cause shrinkage and is best used to preserve glycogen ?

A

Ethanol

35
Q

Which fixative is used to preserve glycogen but will cause distortion of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail.

A

Ethanol

36
Q

Which fixative is used as a fixative for blood films

A

Methanol

37
Q

Which fixative is used for cytology smears ?

A

95% ethanol

38
Q

Fixative for eyes, brain, lungs, muscles biopsies, testis

A

Neutral buffered formalin

39
Q

Fixative for lymphoid tissues

A

Neutral buffered formalin, B-5, B+

40
Q

Fixative for renal biopsies

A

Neutral buffered formalin, EM fixative, IF/IHC fixative

41
Q

Steps of tissue processing

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Clearing
  3. Wax infiltration
  4. Embedding
42
Q

Dehydrating agents

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Methanol
  3. Isopropanol
  4. Denatured alcohol
43
Q

Universal solvents

A
  1. Dioxane
  2. Tertiary butanol
  3. Tetrahydrofuran

** Histotech Memorizing (7 decks)

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