Mobility

Question 1

What 2 things maintain mobility?

Answer 1

Bones/joints (structural support)

Muscles/ nervous system (coordinated movement)

Question 2

Moving a joint toward the midline

Answer 2

adduction

Question 3

Moving a joint away from the midline

Answer 3

abduction

Question 4

decreasing the angle b/w two bones

Answer 4

flexion

Question 5

straightening a joint

Answer 5

extension

Question 6

turning the body/part to face upward

Answer 6

supination

Question 7

turning the body/part to face downward

Answer 7

pronation

Question 8

What constitutes strenuous aerobic exercise?

Answer 8

30 min- 3x week

Question 9

What electrolytes or minerals are important for musculoskeletal system?

Answer 9

Ca, Vit D, phosphorous

Question 10

What is a disruption of a motor and sensory skills/ability?

Answer 10

plegia

Question 11

4 factors that impact mobility

Answer 11

• Circulation (02)
• Energy (anemia, thyroid, sleep apnea)
• Congenital conditions (palsy)
• Affective disorders (depression decrease desire to move)

Question 12

3 important principles of body mechanics

Answer 12

1. adjust height of work area when possible
2. hold objects close to the body when lifting
3. use mechanical devices when appropriate

Question 13

What is usually an indication of muscle strain during a physical activity?

Answer 13

holding one’s breath

Question 14

How do you prevent injury at work place?

Answer 14

proper body mechanics

Question 15

Static exercise by which the patient tenses the muscle holding it stationary while maintaining tension

Answer 15

isometric movement

Question 16

dynamic form of exercise with constant muscle tension/contraction and active movement

Answer 16

isotonic movement

Question 17

Type of exercise useful for athletic training

Answer 17

anaerobic

Question 18

exercise that requires oxygen occurs during vigorous and continuous muscle movement

Answer 18

aerobic

Question 19

What is decreased muscle tone?

Answer 19

hypotonicity or flaccidity

Question 20

What is increased or rapid muscle tone?

Answer 20

spasticity

Question 21

What is rhythmic repetitive motion that can occur at rest and make interfere with fine motor control?

Answer 21

tremor

Question 22

What is spontaneous, brief involuntary muscle twitching of the limbs or facial muscles?

Answer 22

chorea

Question 23

what gait is like a duck, spread wide apart?

Answer 23

waddle

Question 24

What is the progressive shortening of a muscle and loss of joint mobility resulting from fibrotic chanes in tissues surrounding joint?

Answer 24

contracture

Question 25

What is the largest reportable problem related to mobility?

Answer 25

Fall

Question 26

4 problems associated with immobility

Answer 26

1. Pain (renal calculi, atrophy, contracture, PU) 2. Cardiovascular (orthostatic hypotension) 3. Injury (PU) 4. Infection (urinary stasis)

Question 27

_____ formation increased with immobility

Answer 27

Thrombus

Question 28

3 things to prevent DVT in hospital

Answer 28

1. ambulation 2. low molecular heparin (anticoag) 3. compression

Question 29

How does thrombus form from immobolity?

Answer 29

-longer the blood pools, the longer the platelets, fibrin, or cellular elements have to attach to the wall of the vessel

Question 30

What is atelectasis?

Answer 30

alveoli collapse due to decreased breathing/underinflation of lungs

Question 31

Does Nitrogen increase or decrease with immobility?

Answer 31

increase

Question 32

Why do we care about nitrogen and immobility? What happens when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake?

Answer 32

- increase muscle breakdown causes excess nitrogen - when excess nitrogen: inadequate protein synth, delayed healing of wounds, slow muscle restoration when mobility returns

Question 33

Surgical procedure where scope is inserted into the joint to inspect for abnormalities

Answer 33

Arthroscopy

Question 34

5 examples of activities or programs to recommend for physical fitness/health promotion

Answer 34

- tai chi - group activities - health club membership - strength training - physical therapy

Question 35

Condition with decrease bone mass, and disruption of bone architecture

Answer 35

osteoporosis

Question 36

Recommendations for treating/preventing osteoporosis

Answer 36

- smoking cessation - limit alcohol/caffeine - Vit D/ Ca - weight bearing exercises - bone density check - medications

Question 37

Position: head is 30-45 degrees

Answer 37

semifowler

Question 38

Position: patient lies on side with weight on hip and shoulder with use of pillows

Answer 38

lateral

Question 39

position: head is elevated 80-90 degrees

Answer 39

fowlers or high fowlers

Question 40

position: patient lies supine with hips flexed and calves/heels parellel to floor, used for examinations

Answer 40

lithotomy

Question 41

Foot boot vs heel protector

Answer 41

foot boot- keep foot in ceratin position/ hard | heel protector- reduce matress pressure on heel

Question 42

How many bed rails is considered restraint?

Answer 42

4

Question 43

What activity is encouraged after surgery?

Answer 43

Ambulation

Question 44

When would you stop performing ROM?

Answer 44

paint, resistance

Question 45

Preliminary step to ambulation?

Answer 45

dangling

Question 46

Signs or symptoms that indicate patient is struggling to sit or stand?

Answer 46

dizziness, weakness, SOB, weakness, hypotension, lgihtheadedness

Question 47

How many points of support to maintain with cane?

Answer 47

2

Question 48

what side do you put cane on?

Answer 48

stronger side

Question 49

What do you move forward first with cane? cane or foot?

Answer 49

cane

Question 50

What leg do you move after you move the cane forward? How far do you move that leg forward?

Answer 50

weak leg, same distance as cane

Question 51

What leg do you move after the cane and weaker leg anf how far forward?

Answer 51

Stronger leg, past cane and weaker leg

Question 52

Which crutch styles can you use with PWB?

Answer 52

4 point, 2 point

Question 53

What crutch style do you use with NWB?

Answer 53

3 point gait

Question 54

Which requires more shoulder and arm strength? Swing thru or swing to?

Answer 54

Swing thru

Question 55

How far from axilla should crutch be?

Answer 55

2 inches

Question 56

How far away from body are crutches? "Crutch stance"

Answer 56

6" out and forward from foot