Urinary

Question 1

Normal urinary output rate

Answer 1

30 ml/hour

Question 2

what does urine color indicate?

Answer 2

hydration status
dark = dehydrated
clear = normal/over hydrated

Question 3

Normal urine clarity?

Answer 3

-urine is normally clear

Question 4

Can you assess urine that has been sitting?

Answer 4

No, always use fresh

-sitting urine might be cloudy or bubbly

Question 5

what causes that distinct urine smell?

Answer 5

ammonia

Question 6

a strong offensive urine odor indicates?

Answer 6

infection

Question 7

1st indicator of UTI in older adult?

Answer 7

confusion

Question 8

dysuria =

Answer 8

painful urination

Question 9

excessive urination

Answer 9

polyuria

Question 10

severely decreased or absent urine

Answer 10

anuria

Question 11

decreased urination

Answer 11

oliguria

Question 12

pyuria

Answer 12

urine contains pus

Question 13

what hormone makes the body retain fluid?

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

what triggers the release of ADH?

Answer 14

-increased plasma osmolarity

blood is filled with stuff, want to hold onto to H2O to decrease amount of stuff to water ratio

Question 15

how can body lose fluid?

Answer 15

vomiting
diarrhea
diaphoresis
wound drainage
urine
burns
blood loss

Question 16

Where is fluid loss recorded?

Answer 16

output

Question 17

Output and intake correlation

Answer 17

-output and intake should match within 200/300 mL

Question 18

what does it indicate if output is less?

Answer 18

• decrease kidney perfusion

- dehydration

Question 19

how does hypotension impact fluids?

Answer 19

• leads to poor renal perfusion

- kidneys are unable to filtrate

Question 20

How does decrease muscle tone impact fluid volume?

Answer 20

obesity
multiple pregnancies
chronic constipation
continuous bladder drainage

Question 21

After surgery, what are some fluid considerations?

Answer 21

• be at a volume deficit

- nedd to void within 8 hrs of surgery

Question 22

MEdications that increase urine output

Answer 22

diuretics

Question 23

medications that cause urinary retention

Answer 23

opioids, tricyclics, antihistamines

Question 24

alcohol and caffeine promote

Answer 24

diuresis

Question 25

salty foods promote

Answer 25

retention

Question 26

heat can ____ urination, cold can ____ urination

Answer 26

promote, prevent

Question 27

urinary obstructions increase risk of

Answer 27

urinary stasis and infection

Question 28

Cauti

Answer 28

uti develops when a catheter is in place greater than 48 hours prior to onset of an infection

Question 29

UTI prevention education

Answer 29

- 6-8 glasses h2o dault - void at least every 4 hours - void immediately after intercourse - wash hands with soap and water - watch for signs and symptoms of uti

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of UTI

Answer 30

``` fever flank pain dysuria frequency urgency pyuria hematuria ```

Question 31

Urge urinary incontinence can be helped by using

Answer 31

timed voiding schedule

Question 32

Functional and Total Urinary incontience can be helped by

Answer 32

prompted voiding and habit retraining voiding

Question 33

what is habit retraining voiding?

Answer 33

schedule bathroom trips around when incontinence occurs

Question 34

what is bladder training?

Answer 34

schedule voiding times within a narrow range of 2 hours and eventually widen to 4 hours

Question 35

What helps with urge and reflex urinary incontinence?

Answer 35

bladder training

Question 36

2 types of urinary diversion

Answer 36

ileal conduit | neobladder

Question 37

what do you do if patient hasn't voided after srugery/ several hours?

Answer 37

-bladder scanner

Question 38

Random urine specimen- what kind of cup?

Answer 38

-can be poured from nonsterile container into cup

Question 39

clean catch urine specimen

Answer 39

-sterile cup or bedpan

Question 40

24 hour urine specimen

Answer 40

- measures specific kidney functions | - educate staff/family on not dumping urine in toilet

Question 41

ketones in urine

Answer 41

diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, stervation

Question 42

protein in urine

Answer 42

severe stress, renal disease, preeclampsia

Question 43

glucose in urine

Answer 43

diabetes mellitus

Question 44

BUN

Answer 44

- urea is normally excreted - impaired kidneys are unable to excrete urea leading to an increased BUN - highly effected by hydration status*

Question 45

creatinine

Answer 45

- waste product of kidneys - increase creatinine indicate renal impairment - more sensitive indicator than BUN for renal impairment

Question 46

Creatinine clearance

Answer 46

- need creatinine level from urine and blood - 24 hour urine - estimates kidneys glomerular filtration ability

Question 47

GFR

Answer 47

* *best indicator of kidney function | - requires multiple demogrpahic data and serum creatinine

Question 48

indications for use of external catheter

Answer 48

- sphincter damage - spinal corn injury - impaired skin integrity in perineum

Question 49

use ____ technique for catheter insertion

Answer 49

sterile

Question 50

indications for catheterization

Answer 50

- critically ill need precise I and O - persistent urinary retention - management of incontinence in stage III or IV pressure injury

Question 51

best way to decrease risk of cauti

Answer 51

remove catheter

Question 52

how are catheters sized?

Answer 52

french system - higher number = larger lumen - 16 most common

Question 53

coude catheter

Answer 53

slight bend in end | -good for prostrate problems

Question 54

catheter with 2 ports

Answer 54

bladder irrigation

Question 55

Can you disconnect catheter from drainage bag?

Answer 55

not recommended

Question 56

How often to empty drainage bag?

Answer 56

at least every 8 hours

Question 57

Level of drainage bag?

Answer 57

below level of bladder

Question 58

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected urinary tract infection. What signs or symptoms are present with a urinary tract infection? Select all that apply.

Answer 58

fever, flank pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency, pyuria, and hematuria.