Mod 1- Vitamin K

Question 1

What is the plant-based form of Vitamin K?

Answer 1

K1 (Phylloquinone)

Question 2

Where is Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) mainly found?

Answer 2

In plants

Question 3

What is the name of the Vitamin K form found in fish oil and meats?

Answer 3

K2 (Menaquinones)

Question 4

What produces Vitamin K2 (Menaquinones) besides animal products?

Answer 4

Gut bacteria

Question 5

What is the synthetic form of Vitamin K used in supplements?

Answer 5

K3 (Menadione)

Question 6

What can the body convert Vitamin K3 (Menadione) into?

Answer 6

Menaquinone (K2)

Question 7

What is the main role of Vitamin K in the blood?

Answer 7

It is essential for blood clotting to help prevent bleeding.

Question 8

What does Vitamin K activate to help blood clot?

Answer 8

Several clotting proteins (clotting factors).

Question 9

What is prothrombin?

Answer 9

A clotting factor precursor that turns into thrombin.

Question 10

What does thrombin do in the clotting process?

Answer 10

It converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a blood clot.

Question 11

What can happen if clotting factors are missing?

Answer 11

Haemorrhagic disease (excessive bleeding).

Question 12

What bone protein requires Vitamin K for proper function?

Answer 12

Osteocalcin.

Question 13

What happens to osteocalcin without Vitamin K?

Answer 13

It cannot bind to minerals in the bone.

Question 14

What are the consequences of impaired osteocalcin activity?

Answer 14

Weak, porous bones and low bone density.

Question 15

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of spinach?

Answer 15

380 mcg

Question 16

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of broccoli?

Answer 16

180 mcg

Question 17

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of Brussels sprouts?

Answer 17

177 mcg

Question 18

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of soybean oil?

Answer 18

193 mcg

Question 19

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of dry soybeans?

Answer 19

47 mcg

Question 20

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of dry lentils?

Answer 20

22 mcg

Question 21

How much Vitamin K is in 100g of fresh fish?

Answer 21

Less than 1 mcg

Question 22

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K for children aged 1–8 years?

Answer 22

25–35 mcg per day

Question 23

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K for older children aged 9–18 years?

Answer 23

45–55 mcg per day

Question 24

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K for adult men?

Answer 24

70 mcg per day

Question 25

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K for adult women (including pregnancy and lactation)?

Answer 25

60 mcg per day

Question 26

How much of Vitamin K requirements are met by gut bacteria production?

Answer 26

A reasonable portion, but it can be reduced by 50% with antibiotic use.

Question 27

Is there a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) set for Vitamin K?

Answer 27

No, there is no UL set for Vitamin K.

Question 28

Why can Vitamin K deficiency occur related to fat absorption?

Answer 28

Because Vitamin K needs fat for absorption, deficiency can happen if the body cannot absorb fat properly (e.g., low bile).

Question 29

How can antibiotics cause Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 29

They reduce Vitamin K production by gut bacteria.

Question 30

How do anticoagulant medications affect Vitamin K?

Answer 30

They interfere with Vitamin K metabolism.

Question 31

Why is Vitamin K deficiency dangerous?

Answer 31

It can cause excessive bleeding (haemorrhaging) and can be fatal.

Question 32

Why do newborn babies receive a Vitamin K injection at birth?

Answer 32

Because it takes weeks for their gut bacteria to start making Vitamin K.

Question 33

Does Vitamin K pass well through the placenta during pregnancy?

Answer 33

No, Vitamin K does not pass well through the placenta.

Question 34

Are Vitamin K levels high or low in breastmilk?

Answer 34

Vitamin K levels are low in breastmilk.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the single intramuscular Vitamin K injection given to newborns?

Answer 35

To prevent haemorrhagic disease (bleeding problems).

Question 36

How common is Vitamin K toxicity?

Answer 36

It is rare, and no harmful effects have been reported.

Question 37

Is there an Upper Limit (UL) set for Vitamin K intake?

Answer 37

No, there is no UL set for Vitamin K.

Question 38

How can high doses of Vitamin K affect anticoagulant drugs like Warfarin?

Answer 38

High doses can reduce how well these drugs work.

Question 39

What should people on anticoagulants do about their Vitamin K intake?

Answer 39

Keep their Vitamin K intake consistent every day rather than avoiding it.

Question 40

Why is regular monitoring important for people on anticoagulants?

Answer 40

To adjust medication doses based on blood clotting times.