Mod 2- Sodium Flashcards
(20 cards)
What type of mineral is sodium?
An essential mineral and the main electrolyte in extracellular fluid.
What charge does sodium carry in the body?
Sodium is a positive ion (cation).
Where is sodium primarily found in the body?
In the extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cells).
How does sodium affect water in the body?
It attracts water and helps regulate fluid levels in the extracellular space.
What role does sodium play in acid-base balance?
It helps maintain the body’s acid-base balance by keeping the right level of acidity and alkalinity.
Why is sodium important for nerve and muscle function?
It is essential for nerve signals and muscle contractions.
What is the main dietary source of sodium?
Ultra-processed foods are the biggest contributors to sodium intake.
How much sodium do fresh foods like fruits, vegetables, milk, and meat naturally contain?
They are naturally low in sodium (10%)
What proportion of Australians consume sodium above recommended upper levels according to FSANZ?
About one third.
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) range for sodium for adults?
460–920 mg/day.
What is the Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) for sodium?
1600 mg/day.
What happened to the official Upper Level (UL) for sodium in 2017?
The original UL of 2300 mg/day was removed because it was considered too high.
Name some foods highest in sodium.
Bread, processed meats, breakfast cereals, cheese, sauces, and condiments.
What is a good strategy to reduce sodium intake when cooking?
Cooking at home from scratch.
How can following a whole food diet help with sodium intake?
A minimally processed, plant-rich whole food diet can lower sodium levels.
What health conditions are linked to high salt intake over time?
High blood pressure (hypertension) and heart disease.
How common is sodium deficiency from low dietary intake?
It is very rare.
In what situations can sodium deficiency occur?
Prolonged vomiting, diarrhoea, or excessive sweating, especially in ultra-endurance athletes.
What can cause sodium deficiency related to fluid intake?
Drinking too much water without replacing electrolytes, which dilutes blood sodium levels.
What is hyponatraemia?
A condition of low blood sodium levels.
