MOD 10 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the three GCS components?
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
What is the score range of GCS?
3 (lowest) to 15 (highest).
What does a GCS score drop of 2+ indicate?
Significant deterioration requiring review.
What does CSP stand for in eye assessment?
Closed, Sedated, Paralysed.
GCS Eye Opening: 4, 3, 2, 1
Opens spontaneously, opens to speech, opens, no eye opening
GCS verbal 5,4,3,2,1
oriented, confused, inappropriate words, incomprehensible sounds, no response
GCS motor response 6,5,4,3,2,1
obeys commands, localises pain, withdraws from pain, abnormal flexion, abnormal extension, no motor response
Name 3 central pain stimuli used in GCS.
Supraorbital pressure, trapezius pinch, sternal rub.
What does PEARL stand for?
Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light.
What drugs affect pupillary response?
Morphine (constrict), atropine (dilate), thiopentone (sluggish).
What does a neurovascular assessment examine?
Peripheral circulation and neurological integrity.
What are the 6 P’s of neurovascular compromise?
Pain, Paresthesia, Pressure, Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness.
When should neurovascular assessments be done?
After trauma, surgery, burns, or when casts are applied.
What is compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure in a closed muscle space causing tissue death.
What are signs of CS?
severe pain, numbness and paralysis
What is the emergency treatment for compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy (surgical decompression).
What does ACVPU stand for?
Alert, Confused, Voice responsive, Pain responsive, Unresponsive.
What should you do if you detect a drop in GCS or new neuro symptoms?
Escalate immediately – inform senior nurse or doctor for urgent review.
What causes a haemorrhagic stroke?
Rupture of cerebral blood vessels, leading to bleeding into the brain and loss of oxygen/nutrient delivery.
What is the difference between TIA and ischaemic stroke?
TIA is a temporary loss of blood flow, while an ischaemic stroke results in permanent infarction.
What are early signs of ischaemic stroke?
Face droop, arm weakness, slurred speech – time critical (call 000).
Why is a neurovascular assessment comparative?
You must assess the unaffected limb to establish a baseline before evaluating the injured or at-risk limb.
