Mod 4 Early Childhood

Question 1

Average height growth yearly in early childhood

Answer 1

2-3”

Question 2

Average yearly weight gain in early childhood

Answer 2

5-10 pounds

Question 3

Approx number of epiphyses that harden to bone in this phase

Answer 3

45

Question 4

Which sex lose baby teeth earlier?

Answer 4

Girls

Question 5

Does height get influenced by ethnicity and diet?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Percent of right handed people

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

What part of the brain produces growth hormone?

Answer 7

Pituitary

Question 8

Which side of the brain is especially active between 3-6 years?

Answer 8

Left

Question 9

What does left hemisphere of brain control

Answer 9

Language and handedness

Question 10

When does brain’s right hemisphere mostly develop?

Answer 10

8-10 years

Question 11

What does the right hemisphere correspond with?

Answer 11

Spatial relation abilities

Question 12

By what age does the brain reach 95% of adult volume?

Answer 12

6 years

Question 13

What does the amygdala control?

Answer 13

Emotion, novelty

Question 14

What does the hippocampus control?

Answer 14

Memory

Question 15

When does mylenation of corpus callosum peak?

Answer 15

3-6 years

Question 16

At what stage are children the most physically active than they will ever be at any other time?

Answer 16

Preschooler

Question 17

At what age do we see simple gross motor skills (hop, jump)

Answer 17

3 years

Question 18

When do simple athletic abilities appear

Answer 18

4 years

Question 19

When does adventurous activity start

Answer 19

5 years

Question 20

What are fine motor skills at 3 years?

Answer 20

Clumsy

Question 21

What are fine motor skills at 4 years?

Answer 21

Improved

Question 22

What are fine motor skills at 5 years?

Answer 22

Coordinated

Question 23

What has great impact on gross and fine motor development?

Answer 23

Play and practice

Question 24

How much sleep do kids need in early childhood

Answer 24

10-13 hours/night

Question 25

What happens to appetite during early childhood

Answer 25

Dwindles

Question 26

How many preschoolers in US are malnourished

Answer 26

11 million

Question 27

What is a common deficiency in malnourishment

Answer 27

Iron

Question 28

Does more than 2 hours of screen time increase likelihood of obesity

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

How often should kids exercise at preschool age?

Answer 29

Daily

Question 30

What is the leading cause of death in early childhood?

Answer 30

Accidents

Question 31

What is Piaget’s 2nd development stage?

Answer 31

Pre operational

Question 32

What age is the Pre operational stage?

Answer 32

2-7 years

Question 33

When in preoperational stage, what is a common question, especially between 4-7 years?

Answer 33

Why??

Question 34

Can only see world from their POV. Can’t take perspective of another person.

Answer 34

Egocentrism

Question 35

When is egocentrism most prevalent

Answer 35

2-4 years

Question 36

Awareness that altering an objects appearance does not change is basic properties. Two glasses of water experiment.

Answer 36

Conservation

Question 37

Centering attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others

Answer 37

Centration

Question 38

The zone between what a child can do on their own and what they can learn to do with guidance

Answer 38

ZPD (zone of proximal development)

Question 39

Who came up with the concept of ZPD?

Answer 39

Vygotsky

Question 40

Internal talk used for self regulation

Answer 40

Private speech

Question 41

T/F: mothers, who engage in more sensitive parenting have children who engage in private speech

Answer 41

True

Question 42

His theories of child development, focus on social, cultural, language, education.

Answer 42

Vygotsky

Question 43

His theories of child development focus more on stages and cognitive aspects

Answer 43

Piaget

Question 44

Name two shortcomings of Piaget’s theory

Answer 44

1) cognitive development is more gradual 2) preschoolers, cognitive abilities are more sophisticated

Question 45

Three shortcomings of the Vygotsky’s theory

Answer 45

1) didn’t look at age related change 2) over emphasis on language 3) little look at basic skills like memory

Question 46

6 vocabulary principles

Answer 46

Child learns 1) words they hear often 2) words of things that interest them 3) words in active context 4) words in contexts that are meaningful 5) words best when given clear info about the word’s meaning 6) words best when grammar and vocabulary considered

Question 47

Information retained up to 30 seconds with no rehearsal

Answer 47

Short term memory

Question 48

Storing large amounts of information for a long time

Answer 48

Long term memory

Question 49

Aspect of long-term memory related to significant events in the child’s life

Answer 49

Autobiographical memory

Question 50

Ability to focus on select information

Answer 50

Attention

Question 51

Focus and extended engagement

Answer 51

Sustained attention

Question 52

The awareness of one’s own mental processes in the mental processes of others

Answer 52

Theory of mind

Question 53

At what age do children begin to understand false beliefs?

Answer 53

3-5 years

Question 54

From 18 months to 3 years, children begin to understand these 3 mental states

Answer 54

1) perceptions 2) emotions 3) desires

Question 55

What part of the brain is connected to executive function

Answer 55

Prefrontal cortex

Question 56

From 18 months to 3 years, what theory of mind is a child capable of?

Answer 56

Perception Emotions Desires

Question 57

At what age will a child get the “sally and Ann toy” scenario correct?

Answer 57

4 years old

Question 58

Before what age is the ambiguous line drawing only seen to have only 1 answer?

Answer 58

7 years

Question 59

Can infer the meaning of a new word based on clues

Answer 59

Fast mapping

Question 60

What is the third stage of social emotional development according to Erikson?

Answer 60

Initiative versus guilt

Question 61

A sense of purpose, eagerness, conscience, and ability to try out new skills

Answer 61

Initiative

Question 62

Overly strict super ego

Answer 62

Guilt

Question 63

What did Freud believe formed morals?

Answer 63

Anxiety and Guilt

Question 64

Morality that focuses on justice and rules being unchangeable; out of anyone’s control (immanent justice)

Answer 64

Heteronomous

Question 65

Morality that considers intent. Example self-defense.

Answer 65

Autonomous

Question 66

Restrictive, punishing style of parenting

Answer 66

Authoritarian

Question 67

Style of parenting that encourages children to be independent, but still places limits

Answer 67

Authoritative

Question 68

Parenting where parents are highly involved with their children, but place few demands or controls

Answer 68

Indulgent

Question 69

Parenting style where the parent is uninvolved in the child’s life

Answer 69

Neglectful

Question 70

Support that each parent gives to the other when raising a child

Answer 70

Coparenting

Question 71

List the four types of abuse

Answer 71

Physical, neglect, sexual, emotional

Question 72

Percentage of children in the US that have siblings

Answer 72

80%

Question 73

Three important aspects of sibling relationships

Answer 73

Emotional Intimacy Variation