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Developmental Psych > Mod 9 - Late Adult > Flashcards

Mod 9 - Late Adult Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

The maximum number of years an individual can live

A

Lifespan

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2
Q

What is the general maximum lifespan?

A

120-125

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3
Q

Number of years the average person born in a particular year will probably live

A

Life expectancy

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4
Q

What is the average life expectancy in the US?

A

78.6

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5
Q

Which country has the lowest life expectancy

A

South Africa

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6
Q

Which country has the highest life expectancy?

A

Monaco

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7
Q

What is the name for the fact that Latinos live 3.3 years longer than non-Latinos

A

Latino health paradox

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8
Q

What are possible causes of the Latino health paradox?

A

Extended family connections, lower rates of smoking

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9
Q

What is the overall life expectancy of US women?

A

81.2

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10
Q

What is the overall life expectancy of US men?

A

75.2

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11
Q

Which country has the highest aged than individuals anywhere else in the world?

A

Okinawa

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12
Q

What factors contribute to longevity in Okinawa?

A

Diet, low stress, active caring community, spirituality

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13
Q

Who has lower risk of dying from cancer than United States and Japan

A

Okinawa

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14
Q

What are super centenarians?

A

110+

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15
Q

What countries have the highest rate of super centenarians?

A

US
Japan
China
England
Wales

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16
Q

What are possible reasons for longevity?

A

Genes
Coping skills
Diet

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17
Q

What age is considered young – old

A

65-84

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18
Q

What age is old-old

A

85+

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19
Q

What percent of the brains weight is lost between ages 20 and 90

A

5-10%

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20
Q

What part of the brain shrinks the most?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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21
Q

What part of the prefrontal cortex do young adults primarily use for memory?

A

Right side

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22
Q

What part of the prefrontal cortex do older adults use for memory?

A

Left and right sides

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23
Q

What is linked to decreased working memory and slower motor behavior?

A

Prefrontal cortex, shrinking and reduction in dopamine

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24
Q

What is another word for using both hemispheres as a compensatory roles in memory

A

De lateralization

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25
T/F research shows that exercise and environment can generate new nerve cells
True
26
Why does weight decrease after 60?
Muscle loss
27
The thickening of eye lens, causing vision to become cloudy or distorted
Cataracts
28
Damage to optic nerve because of pressure created by fluid buildup in the eye
Glaucoma
29
Deterioration of the retinas macula
Macular degeneration
30
At what age do smell and taste start to decrease
60
31
What percentage of lung capacity decreases from age 20 to 80
40%
32
What percent of 65 to 74-year-old died of cancer or cardiovascular disease
60%
33
What is the leading cause of death in middle-aged adults?
Cancer
34
What is the leading cause of death in those 75 and older
Cardiovascular disease
35
What population have high death rates for most diseases?
African-Americans
36
Inflammation of the joints, accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems
Arthritis
37
Extensive loss of bone tissue
Osteoporosis
38
What is the leading cause of injury death for adults age 65 and older
Falling
39
At what age does late onset alcoholism happen?
After 65
40
T/F being overweight, may be associated with lower all cause mortality
True
41
Hardware of the mind involved in speed and accuracy of processing
Cognitive mechanics
42
Software of the mind involved in writing language, education, and coping mechanisms
Cognitive pragmatics
43
Which may improve with age, mechanics, or pragmatics
Pragmatics
44
Cognitive mechanics have what type of foundation
Biological or genetic
45
Cognitive pragmatics have what type of foundation
Cultural and experiential
46
At what age does reaction time begin to slow
40s
47
When does reaction time decline accelerate?
60-70
48
Facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state
Explicit memory
49
What happens to explicit memory with age?
Declines
50
Memory involving skill and routine without conscious recollection
Implicit memory
51
Does implicit memory decline with age?
Less likely
52
Retention of information about the where and what of life’s happenings
Episodic memory
53
Older adults remember more events from their 20s and 30s
Reminiscence bump
54
A persons knowledge about the world
Semantic memory
55
Does semantic memory decline as much as episodic memory?
No, it does not
56
Phenomenon where individuals are unable to retrieve information despite feeling that they should be able to
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
57
The ability to remember where one learned something
Source memory
58
Ability to remember to do something in the future
Prospective memory
59
Two techniques that can improve memory and increase aerobic, physical activity duration
Mindfulness and meditation
60
Expert knowledge about aspects in life that allows excellent judgment about important matters
Wisdom
61
What is a better predictor of wisdom, personality, or cognitive?
Personality
62
True or false: older adults, maintain, or improve their word knowledge
True
63
Two language problems that may appear in late adulthood
Retrieve words Understand speech
64
The study between brain and cognitive function
Cognitive neuroscience
65
Bilingualism may delay what
Alzheimer’s
66
What percentage of life is spent in retirement in the US
10 to 15%
67
How many return to work after retirement?
7 million
68
Average age of retirement for men and women
64 and 62
69
What country has the earliest retirement?
France
70
What country has the oldest retirement?
Korea
71
What are predictors of a successful retirement
Healthy Educated Connected Satisfied, before retiring
72
Two main worries of individuals as they approach retirement
Income Healthcare expense
73
Global term for irreversible decline in mental function
Dementia
74
What percent of dementia does Alzheimer’s account for
60 to 80%
75
Sixth cause of death in the US
Alzheimer’s
76
How many people over 65 have Alzheimer’s
1 in 10
77
Women account for______ cases of Alzheimer’s
2/3
78
African Americans are how many times more likely to have Alzheimer’s
Two times
79
Latinos are how many times more likely to have Alzheimer’s
1.5
80
What is the brain messenger chemical deficiency in Alzheimer’s
Acetyl choline
81
Gene linked to increased presence of plaques and tangles in the brain with Alzheimer’s
ApoE
82
True or false: Alzheimer’s drugs slow the disease but do not address the cause
True
83
Disease characterized by muscle, tremors, slowing of movement and partial facial paralysis
Parkinson’s
84
Neuro transmitter deficiency in Parkinson’s
Dopamine
85
Drug used to treat Parkinson’s
L-dopa
86
Theory that more active older adults are more likely to be satisfied with their lives
Activity theory
87
Theory that motivation changes as a function of time being short
Socio emotional selectivity theory
88
Two important classes of goals individuals are motivated to achieve
Knowledge and emotional
89
At what stages is emotional satisfaction the most important
Infancy and old age
90
When does pursuit of knowledge peak
Adolescence, early adulthood
91
When does the pursuit of emotional satisfaction begin to rise again in adulthood?
Middle age
92
Theory that successful aging is related to selection, optimization and compensation
Selective optimization with compensation theory
93
Less dementia is connected to high level of
Agreeableness
94
Low mortality and Alzheimer’s, increased lifespan connected to high
Conscientiousness
95
When does self-esteem tend to significantly decline?
70s-80s
96
Widowed, institutionalized, declining health and low spirituality are linked with a decline in
Self-esteem
97
Percent of US adults married over 65
58%
98
True/False: marital satisfaction is greater in older adults
True
99
Percent of older adults that have living children
80%
100
The extent to which individuals are involved in social exchanges with others
Social integration
101
Physical, cognitive, and emotional development is maintained longer with
Successful aging
102
Confidence in one’s ability to produce positive outcomes
Self efficacy
103
Two most important factors of successful aging
Active lifestyle Social relationships
104
What Erikson stage conflict is in old age?
Integrity vs Despair
105
What is the resolution for Integrity vs Dispair
Wisdom
106
What is culmination of Integrity vs Despair in old age?
Existential identity
107
Top 4 health issues for 65+
Arthritis BP Hearing Heart

Developmental Psych (10 decks)

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