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Developmental Psych > Mod 9 - Late Adult > Flashcards

Mod 9 - Late Adult Flashcards

1
Q

The maximum number of years an individual can live

A

Lifespan

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2
Q

What is the general maximum lifespan?

A

120-125

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3
Q

Number of years the average person born in a particular year will probably live

A

Life expectancy

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4
Q

What is the average life expectancy in the US?

A

78.6

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5
Q

Which country has the lowest life expectancy

A

South Africa

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6
Q

Which country has the highest life expectancy?

A

Monaco

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7
Q

What is the name for the fact that Latinos live 3.3 years longer than non-Latinos

A

Latino health paradox

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8
Q

What are possible causes of the Latino health paradox?

A

Extended family connections, lower rates of smoking

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9
Q

What is the overall life expectancy of US women?

A

81.2

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10
Q

What is the overall life expectancy of US men?

A

75.2

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11
Q

Which country has the highest aged than individuals anywhere else in the world?

A

Okinawa

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12
Q

What factors contribute to longevity in Okinawa?

A

Diet, low stress, active caring community, spirituality

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13
Q

Who has lower risk of dying from cancer than United States and Japan

A

Okinawa

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14
Q

What are super centenarians?

A

110+

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15
Q

What countries have the highest rate of super centenarians?

A

US
Japan
China
England
Wales

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16
Q

What are possible reasons for longevity?

A

Genes
Coping skills
Diet

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17
Q

What age is considered young – old

A

65-84

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18
Q

What age is old-old

A

85+

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19
Q

What percent of the brains weight is lost between ages 20 and 90

A

5-10%

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20
Q

What part of the brain shrinks the most?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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21
Q

What part of the prefrontal cortex do young adults primarily use for memory?

A

Right side

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22
Q

What part of the prefrontal cortex do older adults use for memory?

A

Left and right sides

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23
Q

What is linked to decreased working memory and slower motor behavior?

A

Prefrontal cortex, shrinking and reduction in dopamine

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24
Q

What is another word for using both hemispheres as a compensatory roles in memory

A

De lateralization

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25
Q

T/F research shows that exercise and environment can generate new nerve cells

A

True

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26
Q

Why does weight decrease after 60?

A

Muscle loss

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27
Q

The thickening of eye lens, causing vision to become cloudy or distorted

A

Cataracts

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28
Q

Damage to optic nerve because of pressure created by fluid buildup in the eye

A

Glaucoma

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29
Q

Deterioration of the retinas macula

A

Macular degeneration

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30
Q

At what age do smell and taste start to decrease

A

60

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31
Q

What percentage of lung capacity decreases from age 20 to 80

A

40%

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32
Q

What percent of 65 to 74-year-old died of cancer or cardiovascular disease

A

60%

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33
Q

What is the leading cause of death in middle-aged adults?

A

Cancer

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34
Q

What is the leading cause of death in those 75 and older

A

Cardiovascular disease

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35
Q

What population have high death rates for most diseases?

A

African-Americans

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36
Q

Inflammation of the joints, accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems

A

Arthritis

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37
Q

Extensive loss of bone tissue

A

Osteoporosis

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38
Q

What is the leading cause of injury death for adults age 65 and older

A

Falling

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39
Q

At what age does late onset alcoholism happen?

A

After 65

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40
Q

T/F being overweight, may be associated with lower all cause mortality

A

True

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41
Q

Hardware of the mind involved in speed and accuracy of processing

A

Cognitive mechanics

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42
Q

Software of the mind involved in writing language, education, and coping mechanisms

A

Cognitive pragmatics

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43
Q

Which may improve with age, mechanics, or pragmatics

A

Pragmatics

44
Q

Cognitive mechanics have what type of foundation

A

Biological or genetic

45
Q

Cognitive pragmatics have what type of foundation

A

Cultural and experiential

46
Q

At what age does reaction time begin to slow

A

40s

47
Q

When does reaction time decline accelerate?

A

60-70

48
Q

Facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state

A

Explicit memory

49
Q

What happens to explicit memory with age?

A

Declines

50
Q

Memory involving skill and routine without conscious recollection

A

Implicit memory

51
Q

Does implicit memory decline with age?

A

Less likely

52
Q

Retention of information about the where and what of life’s happenings

A

Episodic memory

53
Q

Older adults remember more events from their 20s and 30s

A

Reminiscence bump

54
Q

A persons knowledge about the world

A

Semantic memory

55
Q

Does semantic memory decline as much as episodic memory?

A

No, it does not

56
Q

Phenomenon where individuals are unable to retrieve information despite feeling that they should be able to

A

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

57
Q

The ability to remember where one learned something

A

Source memory

58
Q

Ability to remember to do something in the future

A

Prospective memory

59
Q

Two techniques that can improve memory and increase aerobic, physical activity duration

A

Mindfulness and meditation

60
Q

Expert knowledge about aspects in life that allows excellent judgment about important matters

A

Wisdom

61
Q

What is a better predictor of wisdom, personality, or cognitive?

A

Personality

62
Q

True or false: older adults, maintain, or improve their word knowledge

A

True

63
Q

Two language problems that may appear in late adulthood

A

Retrieve words
Understand speech

64
Q

The study between brain and cognitive function

A

Cognitive neuroscience

65
Q

Bilingualism may delay what

A

Alzheimer’s

66
Q

What percentage of life is spent in retirement in the US

A

10 to 15%

67
Q

How many return to work after retirement?

A

7 million

68
Q

Average age of retirement for men and women

A

64 and 62

69
Q

What country has the earliest retirement?

A

France

70
Q

What country has the oldest retirement?

A

Korea

71
Q

What are predictors of a successful retirement

A

Healthy
Educated
Connected
Satisfied, before retiring

72
Q

Two main worries of individuals as they approach retirement

A

Income
Healthcare expense

73
Q

Global term for irreversible decline in mental function

A

Dementia

74
Q

What percent of dementia does Alzheimer’s account for

A

60 to 80%

75
Q

Sixth cause of death in the US

A

Alzheimer’s

76
Q

How many people over 65 have Alzheimer’s

A

1 in 10

77
Q

Women account for______ cases of Alzheimer’s

A

2/3

78
Q

African Americans are how many times more likely to have Alzheimer’s

A

Two times

79
Q

Latinos are how many times more likely to have Alzheimer’s

A

1.5

80
Q

What is the brain messenger chemical deficiency in Alzheimer’s

A

Acetyl choline

81
Q

Gene linked to increased presence of plaques and tangles in the brain with Alzheimer’s

A

ApoE

82
Q

True or false: Alzheimer’s drugs slow the disease but do not address the cause

A

True

83
Q

Disease characterized by muscle, tremors, slowing of movement and partial facial paralysis

A

Parkinson’s

84
Q

Neuro transmitter deficiency in Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine

85
Q

Drug used to treat Parkinson’s

A

L-dopa

86
Q

Theory that more active older adults are more likely to be satisfied with their lives

A

Activity theory

87
Q

Theory that motivation changes as a function of time being short

A

Socio emotional selectivity theory

88
Q

Two important classes of goals individuals are motivated to achieve

A

Knowledge and emotional

89
Q

At what stages is emotional satisfaction the most important

A

Infancy and old age

90
Q

When does pursuit of knowledge peak

A

Adolescence, early adulthood

91
Q

When does the pursuit of emotional satisfaction begin to rise again in adulthood?

A

Middle age

92
Q

Theory that successful aging is related to selection, optimization and compensation

A

Selective optimization with compensation theory

93
Q

Less dementia is connected to high level of

A

Agreeableness

94
Q

Low mortality and Alzheimer’s, increased lifespan connected to high

A

Conscientiousness

95
Q

When does self-esteem tend to significantly decline?

A

70s-80s

96
Q

Widowed, institutionalized, declining health and low spirituality are linked with a decline in

A

Self-esteem

97
Q

Percent of US adults married over 65

A

58%

98
Q

True/False: marital satisfaction is greater in older adults

A

True

99
Q

Percent of older adults that have living children

A

80%

100
Q

The extent to which individuals are involved in social exchanges with others

A

Social integration

101
Q

Physical, cognitive, and emotional development is maintained longer with

A

Successful aging

102
Q

Confidence in one’s ability to produce positive outcomes

A

Self efficacy

103
Q

Two most important factors of successful aging

A

Active lifestyle
Social relationships

104
Q

What Erikson stage conflict is in old age?

A

Integrity vs Despair

105
Q

What is the resolution for Integrity vs Dispair

A

Wisdom

106
Q

What is culmination of Integrity vs Despair in old age?

A

Existential identity

107
Q

Top 4 health issues for 65+

A

Arthritis
BP
Hearing
Heart

Developmental Psych (10 decks)

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