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Developmental Psych > Mod 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pattern of movement or change from conception through lifespan?

A

Development

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2
Q

Gradual vs specific points of change in development

A

Continuous vs discontinuous

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3
Q

What is another term for heredity vs environment?

A

Nature vs nurture

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4
Q

Early traits persist through life vs change being possible

A

Stability vs change

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5
Q

Life-long, multidimensional, plastic and contextual process that involves growth, maintenance and regulation of loss.

A

Life span prospective

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6
Q

No single age period dominates development nor does developing end

A

Lifelong

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7
Q

Multiple interacting influences is called

A

Contextual

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8
Q

Stages of life, like puberty or menopause, is what type of contextual development

A

Normative age-graded

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9
Q

Generational or economic influence is what type of contextual development

A

Normative history-graded

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10
Q

Life events that happen to an individual (lottery win, death of a parent) denote what type of contextual development

A

Non-normative

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11
Q

What are the stages of development and age

A

1) prenatal
2) infancy
3) early childhood
4) middle to late childhood
5) adolescence
6) emerging adulthood
7) early adulthood
8) middle adulthood
9) late adulthood

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12
Q

What is the newest category added to the stages of age and development?

A

Emerging adulthood

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13
Q

What are the 3 patterns of aging?

A

1) normal
2) pathological
3) successful

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14
Q

What are the 4 conceptions of age?

A

1) chronological
2) biological
3) psychological
4) social

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15
Q

What is social age?

A

Level of connectedness with others

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16
Q

Development that looks at changes of a physical nature (genes, height, hormones)

A

Biological

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17
Q

Development that looks at changes of intellect, thought, language

A

Cognitive

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18
Q

Development that looks at changes in relationships with other people; emotions, personality

A

Socio-emotional

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19
Q

What does multidirectional development mean?

A

Some capacities expand while others shrink

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20
Q

Development that encompasses not just psychological but medical, social, culture, etc.

A

Multidimensional

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21
Q

The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development

A

Resilience

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22
Q

Name 4 components of resilience

A

1) personal characteristics
2) parental relationships
3) social support
4) community resources/opportunities

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23
Q

What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Natural selection and survival of the fittest

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24
Q

Who are the 2 main contributors to psychoanalytics?

A

Freud
Erikson

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25
What does Freud overemphasize
Sexual instinct
26
What are 5 stages in Freud’s development?
1) oral 2) anal 3) phallic 4) latency 5) genital
27
Freudian stage where focus of baby’s pleasure center is the mouth
Oral
28
What might be a sign that someone is locked in the oral stage due to under or over-gratification
Thumb sucking, nail biting, over-eating
29
Freud phase where child is learning to control bodily functions
Anal
30
If too strict during anal phase, what is a possible outcome for the child?
Over-orderly
31
Phase where child has sexual desire for opposite sex parent
Phallic
32
What is formed during phallic stage when child feels guilt for violating standards by desiring opposite sex parent?
Super-ego
33
What is Freud stage where sexual needs are repressed in exchange for development of social and intellectual skills?
Latency
34
Freud stage that sees the awakening of sexual desire
Genital
35
How many stages does Erikson theorize
8
36
Erikson 1st stage from birth to 1 year that sets lifelong expectations of the world
Trust vs mistrust
37
Erikson 2nd stage from 1-3 where child starts to push limits and become self-sufficient or not
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
38
Erikson 3rd stage at 3-6 where child develops a sense of purpose
Initiative vs guilt
39
Erikson 4th stage from 6-11 where child learns to become competent in relation to peers
Industry vs inferiority
40
Erikson 5th stage in adolescence where child is trying to figure out “who am I?”
Identity vs role confusion
41
Erikson 6th stage where young adults should be forming deeper relationships
Intimacy vs isolation
42
Erikson 7th stage where adults are contributing to the world or not
Generative vs stagnation
43
Erikson 8th adult stage focused on reflection about life
Integrity vs despair
44
Studied directly observable events (Behaviorism)
Watson and Skinner
45
Theory by Bandura that people learn through modeling/imitation
Social Learning
46
Piaget’s theory that children must explore and manipulate the world
Cognitive Development
47
Piaget’s 1st stage where ages 0-2 “think” with senses
Sensorimotor
48
Piaget’s 2nd phase from 2-7 where symbols represent discoveries but no logic yet
Pre operational
49
Piaget’s 3rd phase from 7-11 where child has logical, organized ways of thinking
Concrete operational
50
Piaget’s 4th phase from 11+ where deductive reasoning is present
Formal operational
51
Theory that studies how info flows in and out
Information Processing
52
Two areas of Developmental Neuroscience
Social Cognitive
53
Study of adaptive and evolutionary history of behavior and attachment
Ethology
54
What theory did Bowlby and Lorenz study
Ethology
55
Vygotsky’s theory focused on culture and social interaction
Social cultural
56
Brofenbrenner’s theory that multiple layers of environment effect development
Ecological
57
Layer of ecological system where child has the most direct and active interaction
Microsystem
58
Layer of ecological system where what happens at home influences how a child relates to the outside world
Mesosystem
59
Layer of ecological system where there is a link between social settings but the individual doesn’t have an active role
Exosystem
60
Example of Exosystem
Husband has bad day. Comes home grumpy. Wife’s experience at home is affected.
61
Layer of ecological system where laws, culture and customs affect the individual
Macro system
62
Layer of ecological system that causes the person to change over time
Chronosystem
63
Type of research that observes and records behaviors
Descriptive
64
Type of research that studies the strength of relationship between two or more events or characteristics
Correlation
65
Type of research that studies cause
Experimental
66
Inverse relationship is what type of correlation
Negative
67
Strong relationship is what type of correlation
Higher
68
Correlation coefficient is 0
No correlation
69
True or false: correlation = causation
False
70
In experimental research, these represent “cause”
Independent variables
71
In experimental research, the resulting effect is called
Dependent variable
72
Name for a comparison group
Control
73
Method of data collection where observations are made in a controlled setting
Systematic
74
Method of data collection where observations are in real-world settings
Naturalistic
75
Method of data collection subjects answer surveys, interviews
Self-reports
76
Method of data collection where an in-depth observation of 1 person is done.
Case study
77
Method of data collection where observations are made via testing
Standardized tests
78
Method of data collection where observations are made via EEG, HR, hormones, etc.
Physiological testing
79
Way to study development that follows same subjects over time
Longitudinal
80
Way to study development by comparison of one group to another (smoker vs non-smoker for lung cancer)
Prospective Cohort
81
Way to study development that takes different groups and compares at same time
Cross Sectional
82
Part of ethical research that tells participants what is involved in the study, risks and their right to withdrawal at any time.
Informed consent
83
Part of ethical research that protects identity of subjects
Confidentiality
84
Part of ethical research at the end of the study that informs the subjects about the purpose and methods used
Debriefing
85
Part of ethical research that doesn’t tell the study participants what the study is about but also cannot do harm.
Deception
86
Drawing a conclusion about all sexes but only studying one sex
Gender bias
87
Idea of over-generalizing a group based on race, religion, etc. in a superficial way
Ethnic gloss
88
Inadequate inclusion of all races, religions, etc in a study
Cultural bias

Developmental Psych (10 decks)

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