models Flashcards
(25 cards)
It provide us with a visual
representation of the
different aspects of a
communication situation.
They help simplify the
process of understanding
communication.
Models of communication
They only look at one-way
communication.
linear models
— They analyze two-way
communication.
interactive models
They illustrate a two-way
communication where the message gets
more complex as the communication
event progresses.
transactional
elements of linear models
The main elements in these models are:
● The channel
● The sender
● The receiver
This model suggest
that communication takes place only in
one direction.
The main elements in these models are:
● The channel
● The sender
● The receiver
linear
The oldest communication model that
dates back to 300 BC, this model was
designed to examine how to become a
better and more persuasive communicator. It
primarily focuses on the sender (public
speaker, professor, etc.) who passes on
their message to the receiver (the
audience). The sender is also the only active member in this model, whereas the
audience is passive. It it does not pay
attention to the feedback in communication
Aristotle’s model of communication
what are the 5 w’s in lasswells model?
who - communicator
what = message
which = medium
whom = receiver
what = effect
In this communication model, views
communication as the transmission of a
message with the effect as the result.
-The effect in this case is the measurable
and obvious change in the receiver of the
message that is caused by the elements of
communication.
Lasswell’s model of communication
-It is a mathematical communication concept that proposes that
communication is a linear, one-way process that can be broken down into 5
key concepts. It is the transfer of the
receiver’s reaction back to the sender. It allows the speaker to modify their
performance according to the reaction of the audience. The most important
function of feedback is the fact that it helps the receiver feel involved in the
communication process.
Shannon-Weaver model of communication
-This communication model is
unique in the sense that it gives a
detailed account of the key elements
in each step. SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER
Berlo’s S-M-C-R
It is used in
internet-based and mediated
communication such as telephone
conversations, letters, etc.
However, feedback within this models is not
simultaneous, but rather slow and
indirect.
interactive
communication
elements of interactive
M-R-F-F
Sender
● Message
● Receiver
● Feedback
● Field of experience
The field of experience represents a
person’s culture, past experiences, and
personal history which could influence
how the sender constructs a message,
and how the receiver interprets it.
-It is a circular model of
communication, in which messages
go in two directions between
encoding and decoding.
-It shows that information is of no
use until it is put into words and
conveyed to other people.
The Osgood-Schramm model of
communication
4 main principles
of communication according to??
- Communication is circular. — Individuals involved in the
communication process are changing their roles as encoders and
decoders. - Communication is equal and reciprocal. — Both parties are equally
engaged as encoders and decoders. - The message requires interpretation. — The information needs to be
properly interpreted to be understood. - proposes 3 steps in the process of communication:
Encoding, Decoding, and Interpreting.
Osgood-schramm
-It suggests that the communication
process does not start with the
source/sender, but rather with
environmental factors.
-This model also takes into account the
object of the orientation (background,
culture, and beliefs) of the sender and
the receiver of messages.
Westley and Maclean model of
communication
It view communication as a
transaction, meaning that it is a
cooperative process in which
communicators co-create the
process of communication, thereby
influencing its outcome and
effectiveness.
transactional model
main elements of transactional communication
Encoding,
● Decoding,
● Communicators,
● The message,
● The channel, and
● Noise.
-It recognizes that communication is a
circular process and a multi-layered
feedback system between the sender and
the receiver, both of whom can affect the
message being sent.
-The sender and the receiver change their
places and are equally important and
both provide feedback.
Barnlund’s transactional model of
communication
cues in Barnlunds model
Public cues
(environmental
cues),
● Private cues
(person’s personal
thoughts and
background), and
● Behavioral cues
(person’s behavior,
that can be verbal
and nonverbal).
Each communicator’s reaction depends on their background, experiences, attitudes, and beliefs.
barnlunds model
-It views communication as a circular
process that gets more and more complex
as communication progresses.
-With every cycle of communication, we
expand our circle because communication
never repeats itself.
Dance’s Helical model of
communication
Linear models of communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Aristotle’s communication model
- Lasswell’s communication model
- The Shannon-Weaver communication model
- Berlo’s S-M-C-R communication model
Interactive models of communication
- 2.
- The Osgood-Schramm
communication model - The Westley and Maclean
communication model
