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History of Interiors Final > Modernism > Flashcards

Modernism Flashcards

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1
Q

The most dramatic and far-reaching development in the history of twentieth-century art is…

A

the move toward various forms of explicitly abstract art that followed in the wake of Cubist experiments.

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2
Q

Ever since the latter part of the nineteenth century, a number of artists were beginning to…

A

consider a painting as an entity unto itself rather than an imitation of, or an illusion of, the physical world.

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3
Q

Although Cubist pictures may represent…

A

highly abstracted interpretations of the material world, they were not in themselves abstract.

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4
Q

In Russia and Netherlands, in particular, abstraction found…

A

a fertile ground and its most expansive and most radical manifestations, with implications not merely for painting and sculpture but for architecture as well as graphic, industrial, and even fashion design.

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5
Q

Abstract, nonobjective, or nonrepresentational art:

A

Art that depends solely on color, line, and shape for its imagery rather than motifs drawn from observable reality.

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6
Q

people of time were not happy with the state of present times.

A

Looked to the future for better life

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7
Q

Development of a Bottle in Space

A

Futurist sculpture
Umberto Boccioni
1912

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8
Q

Table + Bottle + House

A

Umberto Boccioni
1912

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9
Q

SUPREMATISM

A

“the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art.”

“the visual phenomena of the objective world are, in themselves, meaningless, the significant thing is feeling, as such, quite apart from the environment in which it is called forth.

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10
Q

Kazimir Malevich

A

(1878-1935)

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11
Q

El (Eleazar) Lissitzky

A

(1890-1941)

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12
Q

El (Eleazar) Lissitzky (1890-1941), a disciple of…

A

Malevich influenced the design teachings of the Bauhaus.

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13
Q

Lissitzky was a propagandist for

A

the Stalinist regime.

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14
Q

Prounenraum (Proun Room) created for Berlin Art Exhibition

A

created for Berlin Art Exhibition 1923
El Lissitzky

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15
Q

The Constructor

A

El Lissitzky, Wolkenbügel, 1924

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16
Q

“cloud-irons” skyscrapers,

A

El Lissitzky, Wolkenbügel, 1924

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17
Q

“Konstruktivizm”

A

(Constructivism)

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18
Q

The word “Konstruktivizm” (Constructivism) was first used

A

by a group of Russian artists in the title of a small 1922 exhibition of their work in Moscow.

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19
Q

It was Cubist art that was characterized by…

A

abstract, geometric forms and a technique in which various materials, often industrial in nature, are assembled rather than carved or modeled.

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20
Q

However, Constructivism originally referred to a movement of…

A

Russian artists after the 1917 Revolution who enlisted art in the service of the new Soviet system.

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21
Q

These artists believed that a full integration of…

A

art and life would help foster the ideological aims of the new society and enhance the lives of its citizens. Such utopian ideals were common to many modernist movements, but only in Russia were the revolutionary political regime and the revolution in art so closely linked.

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22
Q

Vladimir Tatlin

A

(1895-1953)

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23
Q

Vladimir Tatlin

A

was the founder of Russian Constructivism.

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24
Q

Pablo Ruiz Picasso

A

(1881-1973)

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25
Along with French artist Georges Braque (1882-1963) Picasso co-founded the...
Cubist movement.
26
Georges Braque
(1882-1963)
27
Paul Cézanne
(1839–1906)
28
Vladimir Tatlin
(1895-1953)
29
Counter-Relief
1915 Vladimir Tatlin
30
Model for Monument to the Third International
1919-20 Vladimir Tatlin
31
What is important for the Model for Monument to the Third International
the idea of the object is important
32
Late 19th century explorations of the...
irrational and fantastic and a growing interest in naïve and primitivizing modes of expression in an art found a striking embodiment during World War I in the eclectic productions of a diverse group of artists who labeled endeavor “Dada.
33
The Dadaist felt that...
reason, logic, and Western ideals of progress had led to the disaster of world war, and that the only way forward was through political anarchy, the natural emotions, the intuitive, and the irrational.
34
Dada was first and foremost a...
response to the brutal, mechanized madness of war.
35
More distantly, dada can be seen as a descendant of...
Romanticism and Symbolism, which themselves were proceeded by a thousand years or more of individuals and movements concerned with some sort of personal, eccentric , unorthodox, mystical, or supernatural expression.
36
MARC CHAGALL
(1887-1985) Russian Jewish artist
37
MARC CHAGALL art
His art followed a divergent from that of the Constructivists in post-revolutionary Russia. Child-like Art His paintings displayed a sense of fantasy that anticipates aspects of Surrealism.
38
MARCEL DUCHAMP
(1887-1968)
39
By the beginning of World War I Duchamp had...
rejected the works of many of his contemporaries as "retinal" art, or art only intended to please the eye. Although a gifted painter, he ultimately abandoned conventional methods of making art in order, as he said, "to put art back at the service of the mind."
40
Duchamp experimented with...
everyday objects in creating of his art. For him, the conception, the "discovery," was what made a work of art, not the uniqueness of the object.
41
In a deliberate act of provocation, Duchamp submitted a...
porcelain urinal, which he turned ninety degrees and entitled Fountain, to the 1917 exhibition of the New York Society of Independent Artists
42
“The Fountain” by
MARCEL DUCHAMP 1917
43
“Nude Ascending a Staircase”
MARCEL DUCHAMP 1912 Cubist + Futurist
44
KURT SCHWITTERS
(1887-1948) Hanoverian Artist
45
KURT SCHWITTERS work
His work was apart from Berlin Dadaist artists
46
KURT SCHWITTER quarreled publicly with...
Huelsenbeck, a prominent Dada artist and was denied access to Club Dada because of his involvement with the apolitical and pro-art circle around Herwarth Walden’s Der Sturm Gallery.
47
KURT SCHWITTER established his own...
Dada variant in Hanover under the designation “Merz,” a word in part derived from the word “Commerzbank” included in one of his collages.
48
Schwitter’s collages were made of...
rubbish picked up from the street –cigarette wrappers, tickets, newspapers, string, boards, wire screens, and whatever caught his fancy. (detritus of his surroundings into strange and wonderful beauty.)
49
what were KURT SCHWITTER pictures called
Merzbilder or Merzeichnungen (Merz pictures or Merz drawings)
50
Kurt Schwitters, Hanover Merzbau, destroyed, photo taken
1931
51
Kurt Schwitters, Hanover Merzbau reconstruction by
Peter Bissegger, 1981-1983
52
Hanover Merzbau features
spacial qualities, forms, light, shadow, contrast
53
Adolf Loos
(1870-1933) Austrian architect worked for menswear fashion company hated the Victorian women silhouette (puffy dresses)
54
Adolf Loos work
Rebelled against Art Nouveau Suggested that architects had a new task to find a formal language for new materials Was against pretext of style Suggested that it was useless to the form of the modify the form of the objects already adapt to their function Artisan: the man connected to objects he has created and produced, in whom truth, distinction , history, and creation were incarnated The evolution of culture is synonymous with the removal of ornament from utilitarian objects
55
Loos finds modern ornament...
obscene. He longs for a cleaner, cooler environment. The naked wall becomes a symbol of the victory of logos (reason) over eros (Platonism defines beauty as the object of eros.)
56
Gesamtkunswerk
(Total work of art)
57
Frank Lloyd Wright
(1867-1959)
58
Peter Behrens
(1868-1940)
59
Walter Gropius
(1881-1969)
60
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
(1886-1969)
61
Le Corbusier
(1887-1965)
62
Gropius, Meyer, and Rohe
BAUHAUS
63
Bauhaus promised to...
heal the breach that had opened up between beauty and reason, art and technology, freedom and necessity.
64
BAUHAUS
school that trained architects + textile artists (women)
65
DE STIJL
Pure abstraction –cubist art
66
Neoplasticism
(the superiority of abstract values of form and color (the primaries and black) over all naturalistic and subjective values in art) color/contrast no objects what so ever
67
Larkin Building date + location
Buffalo, NY 1904
68
Larkin Building architect
Frank Lloyd Wright
69
Larkin Building features
clarity in how structure works no ornamentation
70
Robie House date + location
Chicago, 1908-10
71
Robie House architect
Frank Lloyd Wright
72
AEG Factory architect
Peter Behrens
73
AEG Factory features
purpose not romanticized strictly utilitarian can combine romanticized + utilitarian
74
Bauhaus date + location
Weimar, Germany, 1923
75
Bauhaus architect
Walter Gropius
76
Café l’Aubette date + location
France, 1926-8
77
Café l’Aubette architect
Theo van Doesburg
78
Theo van Doesburg work
Named his new departure Elementarism, and argued that the inclined plane reintroduced surprise, instability, and dynamism.
79
Café l’Aubette features
Utilization of abstract three-dimensional forms Use of “modern” materials: Concrete, steel, aluminum, and glass Use of primary colors and black Avoiding wood
80
Piet Mondrian
(1872-1944)
81
Schröder House date + location
the Netherlands, 1924
82
Schröder House architect
Gerrit Reitveld
83
Gerrit Reitveld
(1888-1964)
84
Schröder House / De Stijl House features
notions of steel sliding panels primary colors, black, grey windows open up interiors to exterior natural light / views fluid transition
85
Rue de Lota apartment features
not modern many of her designs are modern (objects) like furniture interiors are ART DECO inspiration from Africa
86
Eileen Gray
(1878- 1976)
87
Rue de Lota apartment designer
Eileen Gray
88
German (Barcelona) Pavilion date + location
Barcelona, 1929
89
German (Barcelona) Pavilion designer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
90
German (Barcelona) Pavilion features
lack of privacy
91
Tugendhat House date + location
Czech Republic, 1928-30
92
Tugendhat House designer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
93
Tugendhat House features
Open living spaces subdivided by an onyx marble screen Floor to ceiling glass Slim steel columns as unobstructive structural members (reflective quantities meant to disappear in the space) Abstract arrangements of spatial elements Colors and textures of the materials taking the place of ornamentation Avoidance on wooden flooring = example of not using past precedence natural state of materials - if it looks like marble it is coldness to these spaces - effort to avoid textiles
94
Pavilion de l’Espirit Nouveau Exhibition of Decorative Arts date + location
Paris, 1925
95
Pavilion de l’Espirit Nouveau Exhibition of Decorative Arts designer
Le Corbusier
96
Towards a New Architecture...
(1923) House: a “machine for living”
97
Le Corbusier City proposal
Paper design not built Shows criticism of modernism
98
Villa Savoye date + location
France, 1929-31
99
Villa Savoye designer
Le Corbusier
100
Villa Savoye features
Complex, surprising, and dramatic relationships between various spaces Modular space (Golden section) Purist in its forms and use of color and texture Non-traditional transitional spaces: ramp leads up to the main living spaces Pilotis: leaving the ground under the building open
101
Pilotis
leaving the ground under the building open
102
Church of Notre-Dame-du-Haut date + location
Ronchamp, 1951
103
Church of Notre-Dame-du-Haut designer
Le Corbusier
104
Church of Notre-Dame-du-Haut features
Abstract forms and geometry Baroque - In terms of how it uses dramatic lighting
105
Church at Firminy date + location
France Started 1963 / Completed in 2006
106
Church at Firminy designer
Le Corbusier (completed after his death)
107
Church at Firminy features
Little iconography compared to past presidents Designed to make people feel something / moves people Space creates an identity/experience for the organization
108
Whitney Museum of American Art date + location
New York, 1966
109
Whitney Museum of American Art designer
Marcel Breuer
110
Rise of the museum in modernism
Ex. contemporary art museums become important Shows society beginning to accept contemporary art
111
Eileen Gray Operated in two different worlds
Born to prominent family = giving her access to designing
112
Ic4 Chaise Lounge,
1929 Le Corbusier & Perriand
113
Alvar Aalto
(1898-1976): Finnish architect and designer
114
Aino (Marsio) Aalto
(1894-1949)
115
Elissa Aalto
(1922-1994)
116
City Library date + location
Viipuri, Finland, 1927
117
City Library designer
Alvar Aalto
118
The Paimio Sanatorium date + location
Turku, Finland, 1930-3
119
The Paimio Sanatorium designer
Alvar Aalto (1898-1976)
120
Villa Mairea date + locaiton
Finland, 1938-41
121
Villa Mairea designer
Alvar Aalto
122
Church of Three Crosses (Vuoksenniska Church) date + designer
1956-58 Alvar Aalto
123
Opera House date + location
Essen, Germany, 1959
124
Opera House designers
Alvar Aalto, Elissa Aalto, Herald Deilmann
125
Mount Angel Abbey Library date + location
St. Benedict, Oregon, 1964-70
126
Mount Angel Abbey Library designer
Alvar Aalto

History of Interiors Final (12 decks)

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