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cytogen > MODES OF INHERITANCE (PPT) > Flashcards

MODES OF INHERITANCE (PPT) Flashcards

1
Q

It is transmitted on unbroken descent

A

Autosomal Dominant

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2
Q

Autosomal dominant is ________ and _______________ recessive.

A

Heterozygote; Homozygous

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3
Q

Autosomal dominant is ___________ mutant gene.

A

50%

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4
Q

It is between two heterozygotes and can be transmitted by a long line of carriers.

A

Autosomal recessive

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5
Q

It has 1/4 chance of being passed on and it is common in-breeding.

A

Autosomal Recessive

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6
Q

It has severe conditions that are unlikely to be passed on.

A

Autosomal recessive

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7
Q

The chance that both maternal and paternal alleles at one locus are identical by descent.

A

Coefficient of In-breeding

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8
Q

The proportion of all the individual’s genes are homozygous because of identity by common descent.

A

Coefficient of In-breeding

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9
Q

This is where two characteristics behave completely independently of each other.

A

Independent Assortment

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10
Q

What ‘cross’ do independent assortment use?

A

Dihybrid cross

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11
Q

The ratio that independent assortment produces which applies the principle of probability

A

9:3:3:1

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12
Q

This principle allows easy calculation of probability of genotypes and phenotypes among offsprings

A

Principle of probability

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13
Q

Under PRINCIPLE OF PROBABILITY
Impossible event : 0
Certain event: _____

A

1

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14
Q

If the probability of event x id p then the probability of “not x” is _________? `

A

1-p

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15
Q

The probability of two independent events occurring is the product of their two _________________

A

individual probabilities

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16
Q

When two independent events occur simultaneously, the combined probability of the two
outcomes is not equal to the product of their individual probabilities of occurrence.

A

Product Law

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17
Q

What are the mendel’s postulate?

A

Unit Factors in Pairs
Dominance and Recessiveness
Segregation

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18
Q

Studied varieties of peas (Stamen and Anthers) – self-fertilization and
cross-fertilization

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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19
Q

Gregor Johann Mendel’s study among plants lasted from ___________; the result of his studies
was later published in ________.

A

1856-1868
1866

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20
Q

He is coined the “Father of Genetics”

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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21
Q

The study of inheritance from generation to generation is known as _______?

A

Transmission genetics

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22
Q

Transmission genetics is also called as ______________.

A

“Mendelian genetics”

23
Q

“Factors” in modern times is termed as?

A

“Genes”

24
Q

This is a type of breeding wherein the plants only produced progeny like themselves when allowed to self-fertilize.

A

True breeding

25
Q

When 2 varieties that differ in one or more traits are crossed, the progeny constitute a _______between the parental varieties.

A

hybrid

26
Q

Crosses in which parental varieties differ in one, two or three traits of interest

A

Mendelian Inheritance

27
Q

Why did Gregor Mendel
choose peas?

A

> They grow quickly

> They reproduce by self-
pollination

> They posses characteristics
that are easily recognized

> Their pollination can be
controlled

28
Q

the result from a cross between two pure breeding plants

A

First filial generation (F1 generation)

29
Q

The traits that appears in the F1 generation are ____________

A

dominant traits

30
Q

The traits that are hidden were called _____________.

A

recessive traits

31
Q

Comprised of offspring resulting from a cross of the members of F1
generation

A

Second filial generation (F2 generation)

32
Q

It is where recessive trait usually reappears

A

Second filial generation (F2 generation)

33
Q

“Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs
in individual organisms”

A

Unit Factors in Pairs

34
Q

“When 2 unlike unit factors responsible for a single character are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the
other and the other recessive.”

A

Dominance and Recessiveness

35
Q

“During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate
or segregate randomly so that each gamete receives one or the
other with equal likelihood”

A

Segregation

36
Q

Under Law of Segregation, during the formation of gametes (Meiosis or Gametogenesis), the two
alleles responsible for a trait ___________ from each other.

A

Separate

37
Q

LAW OF SEGREGATION:
Alleles for a trait are then __________ at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring.

A

“recombined”

38
Q

LAW OF SEGREGATION:

For every given trait, an organism must inherit _______ factor from the
sperm and one from the egg

A

one

39
Q

Mendel noticed during all his work that the height of the plant and the shape of the seeds and the color of the pods had no impact on one another.

A

Law of Independent Assortment

40
Q

Law of Independent Assortment:
Alleles for different traits are distributed to ____________ (and offspring) independently
of one another.

A

sex cells

41
Q

Law of Independent Assortment:
Alleles on different ________are distributed randomly to individual gametes.

A

chromosomes

42
Q

The genes of one characteristic were not influenced by the genes for any other characteristics

A

Law of Independent Assortment

43
Q

The separation of gene pairs in a given pair of chromosomes and the distribution of the genes to gametes during meiosis are entirely ___________ of the distribution of other gene pairs in other pairs of chromosomes.

A

Independent

44
Q

When Mendel crossed plants that have pure traits with plants having seven other traits, all offspring showed only one form of the trait

A

Law of Dominance

45
Q

Law of Dominance:
Mendel also noted that the first ______________ always resembled only one of
its parents

A

hybrid generation

46
Q

Law of Dominance:
The recessive trait showed in about __________ of the second generation traits

A

1⁄4

47
Q

Law of Dominance:
A _______________ completely masks the expression of a recessive allele.

A

dominant allele

48
Q

Law of Dominance:
A ___________ produces the same phenotype in heterozygotes and in homozygotes.

A

dominant allele

49
Q

Law of Dominance:
When pure parents with opposite traits are mated, the ____________shows only one trait (dominant) the other trait (recessive) is hidden

A

F1 generation

50
Q

It is invented by Reginald Punnett

A

Punnet Square

51
Q

It determine the possible combination of genes in a cross.

A

The Punnet Square

52
Q

They can be used as predictive tools when considering having children

A

The Punnet Square

53
Q

They are used as standard tools by genetic counselors; the likelihood of inheriting many traits, including useful ones can be predicted using them.

A

The Punnet Square

cytogen (19 decks)

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