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bma1901 > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of the function of the body

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3
Q

complementarity of structure and function

A

function depends on structure, structure determines function

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4
Q

levels of human structure from simplest to most complex

A

atoms, molecules and macromolecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

atom

A

atoms are the building blocks of matter, smallest particle of an element

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6
Q

molecules

A

atoms combine to form molecules

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7
Q

macromolecules

A

molecules combine to form macromolecules

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8
Q

organelles

A

molecules and macromolecules combine to form the components of cells such as organelle

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9
Q

cells

A

organelles combine to form cells, structural unit of all living things, specialised to carry out particular functions

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10
Q

nerve cells

A

specialised for electrical communication

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11
Q

red blood cells

A

specialised for oxygen transport

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12
Q

muscle cells

A

specialised for movement

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13
Q

epithelial cells

A

specialised to form linings and covering

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14
Q

tissues

A

group of cells that perform a specific function

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15
Q

tissue types

A

epithelial tissue, connective, tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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16
Q

organ

A

different types of tissues grouped

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17
Q

organism

A

organ systems are grouped to form an organism

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18
Q

8 life functions that living things perform

A

maintaining boundaries, movement, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction, digestion, excretion, growth

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19
Q

5 survival needs

A

nutrients, water, oxygen, appropriate temperature, atmospheric pressure

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20
Q

support and movement organ systems

A

integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system

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21
Q

environmental exchange organ systems

A

respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system

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22
Q

control and regulation organ systems

A

nervous system, endocrine system

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23
Q

fluids, transport and defence organ systems

A

cardiovascular system, lymphatic system

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24
Q

continuity of life organ systems

A

reproductive system

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25
Q

reproductive system function

A

continuity of life

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26
Q

fluid, transport and defence

A

cardiovascular system, lymphatic system

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27
Q

control and regulation organ system

A

nervous system, endocrine system

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28
Q

continuity of life

A

reproductive system

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29
Q

environmental exchange organ systems

A

respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system

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30
Q

support and movement organ systems

A

integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system

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31
Q

what does the internal environment of the body consist of

A

cells, fluid

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32
Q

fluid outside of body is called

A

extracellular fluid (ECF)

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33
Q

fluid inside cells is called

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)

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34
Q

body fluids are solutions consisting of

A

solution = solvent + solute(s)

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35
Q

molecules are described what chemical formulas

A

molecular formula, structural formula

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36
Q

cations

A

positive charge

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37
Q

anions

A

negative charge

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38
Q

electrolytes

A

electrically charged atoms or molecules in solution

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39
Q

salts

A

ions other than H+

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40
Q

acids

A

release H+ ions in solution, the concentration of H+ ions determines the acidity of the solution

41
Q

bases

A

ions that can bind H+ ions

42
Q

pH scale

A

is a way to measure the number of H+ ions in a solution

43
Q

pH of 7

A

neutral, equal amount of H+ and base ions

44
Q

below pH 7

A

acidic, contain more H+ ions than base ions

45
Q

above pH 7

A

basic, contain more base ions than H+ ions

46
Q

Low pH value

A

high H+ ion concentration

47
Q

High pH value

A

low H+ ion concentration

48
Q

normal pH range

A

7.35-7.45

49
Q

below 7.35

A

acidosis

50
Q

above 7.45

A

alkalosis

51
Q

buffer

A

a molecule that can bind or release free H+ ions to counter changes in pH and maintain the normal pH range

52
Q

organic molecules

A

contain both carbon and hydrogen

53
Q

inorganism molecules

A

do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

54
Q

4 classes of organism macromolecules make our body

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

55
Q

three types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

56
Q

monosaccharides

A

small, soluble

57
Q

disaccharides

A

small, soluble

58
Q

polysaccharides

A

large, insoluble

59
Q

function of carbohydrates

A

provide energy for all cellular function

60
Q

three main kinds of lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

61
Q

triglycerides function

A

long term energy storage

62
Q

phospholipids

A

form all cell membranes, transport lipids in plasma

63
Q

4 types of steroids

A

cholesterol, hormones, vitamin D, bile

64
Q

cholesterol

A

essential component for all cell membranes

65
Q

hormones

A

control many physiological processes

66
Q

vitamin D

A

necessary for normal bone growth and function

67
Q

bile

A

aids in fat digestion and absorption

68
Q

what are the two classes of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

69
Q

two fundamental role of DNA

A

self replication, instructions for building every protein

70
Q

role of RNA

A

carries out the orders for protein synthesis

71
Q

two proteins

A

fibrous proteins, globular proteins

72
Q

fibrous proteins

A

structural roles

73
Q

globular proteins

A

functional roles

74
Q

3 structural proteins of fibrous proteins

A

collagen, keratin, elastin

75
Q

collagen

A

strength of bones, tendons and ligaments

76
Q

keratin

A

substance of hair and nails, provides water resistance to skin

77
Q

elastin

A

provides flexibility in tendons, ligaments, skin

78
Q

globular function

A

transport, regulation, defence

79
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalyst

80
Q

synthesis reaction

A

atoms or small molecules are bonded together to form larger more complex molecules

81
Q

decomposition reactions

A

chemicals bonds are broken in large molecules resulting in smaller, less complex molecules or atoms

82
Q

exchange reactions

A

chemical bonds are both made and broken

83
Q

what does the ECF contain

A

interstitial fluid, plasma

84
Q

homeostasis definition

A

is a dynamic stable state, internal conditions can vary but they remain within narrow limits

85
Q

homeostatic control mechanisms

A

receptor, afferent pathway, control centre, efferent pathway, effector

86
Q

stimulus

A

produces change in variable

87
Q

receptor

A

detects change

88
Q

response

A

response of effector reeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns to homeostatic level

89
Q

nervous system characteristics

A

electrical, rapid, short, narrow

90
Q

endocrine system characteristics

A

chemical, slow, long, wide

91
Q

negative feedback

A

the response reduces the effect of a stimulus, returns to a variable to within the normal range, then turns off

92
Q

positive feedback

A

the response enhances the effect of the stimulus, keeps a variable outside the normal range and does not turn off

93
Q

erythrocytes

A

transport oxygen

94
Q

leukocytes

A

defence

95
Q

three functions of blood

A

distribution, regulation, protection

96
Q

distribution of

A

oxygen and nutrients, metabolic wastes, hormones

97
Q

regulation of

A

pH, fluid volume, tempature

98
Q

protection

A

infection control, blood loss

bma1901 (9 decks)

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